Sarin. Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
Beschreibung
Sarin, also known as "nerve agent Gas B" or GB, is an organophosphorus compound,
a colourless and odourless liquid, and a potent inhibitor of the cholinesterase enzyme.
Sarin reacts with steam or water to produce toxic and corrosive gases. Sarin is incompatible
with tin, magnesium, cadmium-plated steel, and some aluminium and reacts
with copper, brass, and lead. Sarin is the most volatile of the nerve agents, which
means that it can easily and quickly evaporate from a liquid into a vapour and spread
into the environment. People can be exposed to the vapour even if they do not come
in contact with the liquid form of sarin.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Sarin (GB), a nerve agent, is one of the most
toxic of the known chemical warfare agents. Exposure to
sarin can cause death in minutes. A fraction of an ounce
(1 to 10 mL) of GB on the skin can be fatal. GB is an
odorless, colorless, tasteless, nonflammable liquid @ 15 ℃
and 1 atm. GB has no warning properties, especially when
pure, and it can take away your sense of smell.
Verwenden
Chemical warfare agent.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
A colorless, odorless liquid. Almost no odor in pure state. Used as a quick-acting military chemical nerve agent. Chemical warfare agent.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Hydrolyzed by water, rapidly hydrolyzed by dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide. Water alone removes Fluoride atom producing nontoxic acid [Merck 11th ed. 1989].
Reaktivität anzeigen
Acidic conditions produce hydrogen fluoride; alkaline conditions produce isopropyl alcohol and polymers. When heated to decomposition or reacted with steam, Sarin. emits very toxic fumes of fluorides and oxides of phosphorus. Slightly corrosive to steel. Hydrolyzed by water [EPA, 1998].
Health Hazard
Extremely toxic; lethal dose in humans may be as low as 0.01 mg/kg. Extremely active cholinesterase inhibitor. Toxic effects similar to, but more severe than those of parathion. Death within 15 minutes after fatal dose is absorbed.
Brandgefahr
Non-flammable. Acidic conditions produce hydrogen fluoride; alkaline conditions produce isopropyl alcohol and polymers. When heated to decomposition or reacted with steam, Sarin. emits very toxic fumes of fluorides and oxides of phosphorus. Slightly corrosive to steel. Hydrolyzed by water.
mögliche Exposition
GB is used as a quick-acting chemical
warfare nerve agent; nerve gas. Both the liquid and the
vapor can kill you. Very small amounts can hurt you in one
minute or less, and can quickly lead to death. A single
drop, if vaporized, can kill everyone in a room ! Sarin is
26 times more deadly than cyanide gas and 20 times more
deadly than Potassium cyanide.
Versand/Shipping
UN2810 Toxic liquids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard
Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poison Inhalation Hazard, Technical
Name Required. Driver shall be given full and complete
information regarding shipment and conditions in case of
emergency. AR 50-6 deals specifically with the shipment
of chemical agents. Shipments of agent will be escorted in
accordance with AR 740-32. Passenger aircraft/rail:
FORBIDDEN; Cargo aircraft only: FORBIDDEN. The
packaging and shipping of samples are subject to strict
regulations established by the Department of
Transportation (DOT), Center for Disease Control, United
States Postal Service, OSHA, and International Air
Transport Association). Military driver shall be given full
and complete information regarding shipment and condi-
tions in case of emergency. AR 50-6 deals specifically with
the shipment of chemical agents. Shipments of agent will
be escorted in accordance with AR 740-32.
Inkompatibilitäten
Attacks tin, magnesium, cadmium plated
steel; and some aluminums. GB decomposes tin, magne-
sium, cadmium-plated steel, and aluminum. Slightly corro-
sive to brass, copper, and lead. No attack on 1020 steel,
Inconel, and K-Monel. Hydrolyzed by water. In acid condi-
tions, GB hydrolyzes, forming hydrofluoric acid (HF).
Rapidly hydrolyzed by dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide
(NaOH), or sodium carbonate, forming relatively nontoxic
products of polymers and isopropyl alcohol. Contact with
metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.
Waste disposal
It is dissolved in a combustible solvent and burned in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Sarin may also be destroyed by the Shultz process of molten metal reduction (Shultz 1987). Molten aluminum, aluminum alloys, recovered scrap metal, or eutectic melts may be used at 780－1000°C (1436-1832°F). Sarin is reduced to phosphorus, alkenes, and hydrogen. The hydrocarbon products may be used in preheating the feed.
Worley (1989) reported decomposition of sarin,soman,VX,andother chemicalwarfare agentsbyoxidizingwith1,3-dibromo-4,4,5,5tetramethyl-2-imidazolidinoneorotherN,N0dihalo-2-imidazolidinone. The reaction is carriedoutinanaqueousemulsioncontaining tetrachloroethylene or a similar organic solvent.
Sarin and other nerve agents may be removed from cleaning organic solvents (trichlorotrifluoroethane and its mixtures) by such adsorbents as Fuller’s earth, activated alumina, silica gel, and silica gel impregnated with a metal salt (Fowler and McIlvaine 1989). Hydrolysis with water or dilute alkaliesshould yieldproductsof low toxicity. .
Sarin. Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
