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GRAMICIDIN

CAS No.
1405-97-6
Chemical Name:
GRAMICIDIN
Synonyms
GRAMICIDIN D;Aids002001;GRAMICIDIN;Aids-002001;Gramicidine;GRAMACIDIN D;Gramicidinum;GRAMICIDIN,USP;Gramicidin CRS;GramicidinN.F.Xiv
CBNumber:
CB1431216
Molecular Formula:
C99H140N20O17
Molecular Weight:
1882.2947
MDL Number:
MFCD00131232
MOL File:
1405-97-6.mol
Last updated:2023-05-18 11:31:12

GRAMICIDIN Properties

Melting point 229-230℃
storage temp. 2-8°C
solubility Practically insoluble in water, soluble in methanol, sparingly soluble in alcohol
color White to Off-White
Water Solubility Soluble in acetic acid and lower alcohols. Practically insoluble in water.
InChIKey ZWCXYZRRTRDGQE-SORVKSEFSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference 1405-97-6
EWG's Food Scores 1
FDA UNII 5IE62321P4
ATC code R02AB30

SAFETY

Risk and Safety Statements

Hazard Codes  Xn
Risk Statements  20/21-36/37/38
Safety Statements  26-36-24/25-22
WGK Germany  3
RTECS  MD8225000
HS Code  2941906000
Toxicity mouse,LD50,intravenous,1500ug/kg (1.5mg/kg),Science. Vol. 103, Pg. 419, 1946.

GRAMICIDIN price More Price(14)

Manufacturer Product number Product description CAS number Packaging Price Updated Buy
Sigma-Aldrich G5002 Gramicidin from Bacillus aneurinolyticus (Bacillus brevis) Linear polypeptide antibiotic complex. A mixture of gramicidins A, B, C, and D. 1405-97-6 1g $121 2024-03-01 Buy
Sigma-Aldrich 1298004 Gramicidin 1405-97-6 200mg $447 2024-03-01 Buy
Alfa Aesar J66771 Gramicidin, 95% 1405-97-6 100mg $26.3 2023-06-20 Buy
Alfa Aesar J66771 Gramicidin, 95% 1405-97-6 1g $199 2023-06-20 Buy
Cayman Chemical 28251 Gramicidin 1405-97-6 250mg $214 2024-03-01 Buy
Product number Packaging Price Buy
G5002 1g $121 Buy
1298004 200mg $447 Buy
J66771 100mg $26.3 Buy
J66771 1g $199 Buy
28251 250mg $214 Buy

GRAMICIDIN Chemical Properties,Uses,Production

Description

Gramicidin is a polypeptide antibiotic mixture of gramicidin A , gramicidin B, and gramicidin C originally isolated from B. brevis. It is also a component of the antibiotic tyrothricin . Gramicidin is active against the Gram-positive bacterium S. aureus but not Gram-negative E. coli. It also protects mice from Pneumococcus infection in vivo when administered at a dose of 0.002 mg/animal. Gramicidin inhibits growth of bacteria by forming pores and channels in the cell wall, which increases its permeability to monovalent cations. Formulations containing gramicidin have been used as topical agents in the treatment of bacterial skin infections.

Chemical Properties

White, crystalline platelets. Soluble in lower alcohols, acetic acid, and pyridine; moderately soluble in dry acetone and dioxane; almost insoluble in water, ether, and hydrocarbons. Depresses surface tension, forms a fairly stable colloidal emulsion in distilled water.

Uses

Gramicidins are a family of linear pentadecapeptides isolated from Bacillus brevis by Dubos at the Rockefeller Institute in 1939. Gramicidin is a complex of six closely related analogues A1, A2, B1, B2, C1 and C2 where A1 and A2 are the dominant components. Gramidicins act by forming channels in cell membranes causing ion leakage, and is an essential bioprobe for understanding the nature of the cell membranes.

Uses

Medicine (antibacterial).

Uses

Targets primarily the cell membrane of Gram-positive bacteria and shows little effect against Gram-negative bacteria. Gramicidin is typically used as a topical antimicrobial agent because it also causes hemolysis of red blood cells.

Definition

An antibiotic produced by the metabolic processes of the bacteria Bacillus brevis. It is a polypeptide that is active against most Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria. It is one of the two antibiotic components of tyrothricin but has been isolated and used

brand name

Gramoderm (Schering).

Antimicrobial activity

Gramicidin is highly active against many Gram-positive bacteria. Neisseria spp. are relatively resistant. Gram-negative bacilli including Pseudomonas aeruginosa are susceptible although conflicting data exist about the degree of susceptibility. Gramicidin has a bactericidal activity against Mycoplasma spp. and several pathogenic fungi, including Candida albicans. Interestingly, it also appears to have antiviral activity against HIV and herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1, HSV-2).

General Description

Gramicidin is obtained from tyrothricin, a mixture ofpolypeptides usually obtained by extraction of cultures of B.brevis. Tyrothricin was isolated in 1939 by Dubos in aplanned search to find an organism growing in soil that wouldhave antibiotic activity against human pathogens. With onlylimited use in therapy now, it is of historical interest as thefirst in the series of modern antibiotics. Tyrothricin is a whiteto slightly gray or brown-white powder, with little or no odoror taste. It is practically insoluble in water and is soluble in alcoholand dilute acids. Suspensions for clinical use can beprepared by adding an alcoholic solution to calculatedamounts of distilled water or isotonic saline solutions.
Gramicidin acts as an ionophore in bacterial cell membranesto cause the loss of potassium ion from the cell. Itis bactericidal.Tyrothricin and gramicidin are effective primarilyagainst Gram-positive organisms. Their use is restricted tolocal applications. Tyrothricin can cause lysis of erythrocytes,which makes it unsuitable for the treatment of systemicinfections. Its applications should avoid direct contactwith the bloodstream through open wounds or abrasions. Itis ordinarily safe to use tyrothricin in troches for throat infections,as it is not absorbed from the GI tract. Gramicidinis available in various topical preparations containing otherantibiotics, such as bacitracin and neomycin.

Pharmaceutical Applications

Gramicidin as used in topical formulations is a mixture of several closely related compounds, of which about 80% is in the form of gramicidin A. It is part of the tyrothricin complex originally isolated from B. brevis.
It is active against most species of Gram-positive bacteria, including mycobacteria. Gram-negative bacilli are completely insensitive.
It is highly toxic to erythrocytes, liver and kidney, and is used only in topical formulations, usually as one of several components.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Linear polypeptide antibiotic mixture of gramicidin A, B, C, and D. Gramicidin A acts as neutral carrier and helps in the establishment of ion flux across the lipid bilayer.

Mechanism of action

The mechanisms of gramicidin’s bactericidal activity have not been fully elucidated. Gramicidin is known to alter the function of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane by forming channels that destroy the ion gradient and make it permeable for inorganic cations . It may also be a potent and specific inhibitor of the transcription reaction and inhibit the binding of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (transcriptase) to DNA . Gramicidin appears to have antiviral activity against HIV, HSV-1, and HSV-2 viruses and is also used as a contraceptive due to its spermostatic properties.

Clinical Use

The use of gramicidin is restricted to topical applications on wounds or as ear and eye drops. Currently, much research is being invested to generate less toxic analogs that still exhibit the same wide range of bactericidal activity. To date, no new gramicidin-like polypeptides are available for clinical use. Gramicidin is used in some countries as a topical contraceptive, because it has spermostatic activity.

GRAMICIDIN Preparation Products And Raw materials

Raw materials

Preparation Products

Global( 133)Suppliers
Supplier Tel Email Country ProdList Advantage
Fuxin Pharmaceutical
+86-021-021-50872116 +8613122107989 contact@fuxinpharm.com China 10297 58
Henan Tianfu Chemical Co.,Ltd.
+86-0371-55170693 +86-19937530512 info@tianfuchem.com China 21700 55
career henan chemical co
+86-0371-86658258 sales@coreychem.com China 29914 58
Chongqing Chemdad Co., Ltd
+86-023-61398051 +8613650506873 sales@chemdad.com China 39916 58
Shaanxi Dideu Medichem Co. Ltd
18192627656 1012@dideu.com China 3911 58
SHANGHAI T&W PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD.
+86-021-61551413 +8618813727289 contact@trustwe.com China 5739 58
TargetMol Chemicals Inc.
+1-781-999-5354 +1-00000000000 marketing@targetmol.com United States 19892 58
Zhejiang Huida Biotech Co., LTD
008613515763466 8615669048680 wendy@huidabiotech.com CHINA 87 58
HANGZHOU CLAP TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD
86-571-88216897,88216896 13588875226 sales@hzclap.com CHINA 6313 58
ANHUI WITOP BIOTECH CO., LTD
+8615255079626 eric@witopchemical.com China 23556 58

View Lastest Price from GRAMICIDIN manufacturers

Image Update time Product Price Min. Order Purity Supply Ability Manufacturer
Gramicidin pictures 2023-03-06 Gramicidin
1405-97-6
US $200.70 / Kg/Bag 10g 99% 10000kg Hebei Guanlang Biotechnology Co,.LTD
GRAMICIDIN USP/EP/BP pictures 2021-07-17 GRAMICIDIN USP/EP/BP
1405-97-6
US $1.10 / g 1g 99.9% 100 Tons Min Dideu Industries Group Limited
GRAMICIDIN  pictures 2020-05-12 GRAMICIDIN
1405-97-6
US $0.01-1.00 / KG 1KG 99% 50 tons Shaanxi Dideu Medichem Co. Ltd
  • Gramicidin pictures
  • Gramicidin
    1405-97-6
  • US $200.70 / Kg/Bag
  • 99%
  • Hebei Guanlang Biotechnology Co,.LTD
  • GRAMICIDIN  pictures
  • GRAMICIDIN
    1405-97-6
  • US $0.01-1.00 / KG
  • 99%
  • Shaanxi Dideu Medichem Co. Ltd
gramicidin from bacillus brevis*(gramicidin D) Gramicidin micronized USP23 GramicidinN.F.Xiv gramicidin from bacillus aneurinolyticus (bacillus brevis) GRAMICIDIN,USP GRAMACIDIN D GRAMICIDIN GRAMICIDIN D [DUBOS] Aids002001 Aids-002001 Hco-Val-Gly-D-Leu-Ala-D-Val-val-D-Val-[Trp-D-Leu]3-Trp-nh2-ch2ch2OH Gramicidin (200 mg) GRAMICIDIN (graMicidin A shown) GraMicidin research grade Gramicidin complex Gramicidin CRS Gramicidin (Technical Grade) Gramicidine Gramicidinum Gramicidin/Gramicidin A Gramicidin (1298004) GRAMICIDIN D Gramicidin (8CI, 9CI, ACI) 7-D-leucine]goserelin Gramicidin,Bacterial,Inhibitor,Antibiotic,inhibit 1405-97-6 BioChemical Antibiotics Antibiotics A to Z Antibiotics G-M A - KAntibiotics Antibacterial Antibiotics A to Antibiotics G-MAntibiotics Chemical Structure Class Inhibits an EnzymeAntibiotics Interferes with Cell Membrane Permeability (Ionophores)Antibiotics Mechanism of Action Peptides Spectrum of Activity PeptidesMulti-Drug Resistance Substrates for Drug Efflux PumpsMore...Close... Drug Efflux Pumps