硝酸トリウム 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
解説
硝酸トリウム，無色の六角板状晶．潮解性で，水，エタノール，エーテルに易溶．熱すると500 ℃ で分解して酸化トリウムになる．ほかに多種類の水和物があり，市販品はほぼ4分子の水和水をもっている．ほかのトリウム塩と同じように一価または二価の金属の硝酸塩と複塩をつくる．
用途
自動車排ガス浄化触媒の助触媒，紫外線吸収を利用したフィルター，有機高分子の紫外線劣化防止，酸化物イオン伝導性を利用した燃料電池用固体電解質
応用
酸化トリウム触媒の製造原料，フッ素の分析試薬，ランタンやガス灯のマントルの製造(硝酸セリウムとともに発光体)，蛍光ペイントの製造，濃縮ウラン精製の際の反応中間体などに用いられる．
製造
硝酸トリウム，水酸化トリウムを硝酸に溶かして濃縮すると十二水和物が得られる．
化学的特性
white solid
使用
Reagent for determination of fluorine, thoriated
tungsten filaments.
製造方法
The phosphates are dissolved in cone, hydrochloric acid and precipitated with oxalic acid, and the thoroughly washed precipitate is extracted with warm aqueous Na2CO3. Most of the rare earths stay in the residue, while the thorium dissolves in the form of a carbonate complex, Na6Th(CO3)5. The material is freed of the remaining traces of rare earths by repeated crystallization in the form of the sulfate Th(SO4)2?8H2O. The procedure consists of precipitation of the hydroxide with ammonia and solution of the latter in sulfuric acid to re-form the sulfate. The precipitate from the last purification stage is dissolved in nitric acid to yield the nitrate.
一般的な説明
A white crystalline mass. Mildly toxic. Not combustible but accelerates burning of combustible materials. May explode in a fire if in large quantities or if the combustible material is finely divided. Toxic oxides of nitrogen are produced in fires. Mildly radioactive. Radioactive materials emit certain rays detectable only by instruments. Minimal radiation hazard in transport. No protective shielding for packages is required.
空気と水の反応
Somewhat soluble in water.
反応プロフィール
Thorium nitrate is soluble in water and very soluble in alcohol (ethanol) and acids and is not combustible but accelerates burning of combustible materials. Thorium nitrate is highly reactive and incompatible with combustible materials, organic materials, and finely powdered metals. It may explode in a fire if in large quantities or if the combustible material is finely divided. Toxic oxides of nitrogen are produced in fires. Thorium nitrate, on contact with oxidising agent, oxidisable materials, and combustible and/or organic materials, causes fire and chemical hazards and violent explosion.
Mixtures of metal/nonmetal nitrates with alkyl esters may explode, owing to the formation of alkyl nitrates; mixtures a nitrate with phosphorus, tin (II) chloride. or other reducing agents may react explosively [Bretherick 1979 p. 108-109]. With water forms a weak solution of nitric acid, the reaction is not hazardous.
危険性
Dangerous fire and explosion risk in contact
with organic materials, strong oxidizing agent.
Radioactive.
健康ハザード
Compound has low chemical toxicity, but alpha emission is expected to constitute a hazard if a fairly large amount is inhaled or ingested. Dust may irritate eyes and cause diffuse dermatitis. Beta and gamma emission is small.
化学性质
明るい淡黄色，水，希酸に不溶，硫酸に可溶
安全性プロファイル
Poison by
intraperitoneal, intravenous, and
intratracheal routes. Moderately toxic by
ingestion. Experimental reproductive
effects. Radioactive. An oxidizing material;
when in contact with readily combustible
substances will cause violent combustion or
ignition. When heated to decomposition it
emits toxic fumes of NOx. See also
THORIUM and NITRATES.
合成方法
モナズ石から製造した粗製の希土類塩化物の水溶液にアンモニアと過酸化水素を添加してCe3+をCe4+に酸化し，この水酸化物沈殿を濃硝酸に溶解させ，リン酸トリブチル炭化水素系溶媒で抽出してCe4+を有機相に移行させ，有機相を過酸化水素水で逆抽出して高純度硝酸セリウム溶液を得る．この溶液からシュウ酸塩を沈殿させ，焙焼して高純度酸化セリウムを得る
硝酸トリウム 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品