Etilefrine hydrochloride NEW

Etilefrine hydrochloride Cas 943-17-9

Specification

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Etilefrine hydrochloride is the salt form of Etilefrine, a synthetic sympathomimetic amine. This means it mimics the effects of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and epinephrine (adrenaline) in the body.

• Chemical Name: (±)-erythro-1-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-ethylaminoethanol hydrochloride

  Molecular Formula: C₁₀H₁₅NO₂·HCl

  Mode of Action: It primarily acts as an α1-adrenergic receptor agonist. Stimulating these receptors causes vasoconstriction (tightening of blood vessels), which leads to an increase in blood pressure and improved venous return to the heart.

2. Primary (Pharmaceutical) Uses

In a medical/pharmaceutical context, etilefrine hydrochloride is used as a vasopressor or antihypotensive agent. Its main therapeutic applications are:

• Treatment of Hypotension: Especially orthostatic hypotension (a sudden fall in blood pressure when standing up).

  Management of Low Blood Pressure: Associated with conditions like varicose veins or during surgical procedures.

  Adjunct Therapy: In some countries, it's used in combination with other agents for conditions like vertigo or Meniere's disease.

Important Note: Its medical use has declined or become regional (more common in some Asian and European countries) as newer agents with more specific profiles have been developed.

3. Uses in "Chemical Grade"

The term "chemical grade" (also called reagent grade, laboratory grade, or reference standard grade) indicates that the substance is intended for non-pharmaceutical, scientific use. It is not packaged or certified for human or veterinary consumption.

For Etilefrine hydrochloride, this grade is used exclusively in research and analytical laboratories. Key applications include:

a. Analytical Reference Standard

• Purpose: To serve as a benchmark for identity, purity, and quantity.

  Uses:

• Pharmaceutical Quality Control (QC): Used in labs to test the potency and purity of commercial pharmaceutical batches (tablets, injections) containing etilefrine. The chemical-grade material is the known "standard" against which the product is compared using techniques like HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) or UV-Vis spectroscopy.

  Forensic Analysis: Used as a reference standard to identify and quantify etilefrine in biological samples (blood, urine) or in unknown seized materials.

  Method Development and Validation: When a lab develops a new analytical procedure to detect etilefrine, the pure chemical-grade compound is essential for calibrating instruments and validating the method's accuracy.

b. Biochemical and Pharmacological Research

• Purpose: To study its mechanism of action and effects at a molecular and cellular level.

  Uses:

• Receptor Binding Studies: Used in experiments to characterize α-adrenergic receptors—how drugs bind to them, activate them, or block them.

  Cell & Tissue Studies: Applied to isolated tissues (e.g., aortic rings) or cell cultures to study vascular contraction, signal transduction pathways, and cellular responses.

  Comparative Studies: Used as a known agonist to compare the potency and efficacy of new experimental vasoactive compounds.

c. Chemical Intermediate

• Purpose: To serve as a starting material or precursor for the synthesis of other, more complex chemical compounds.

  Uses: While not its most common use, researchers in medicinal chemistry might modify the etilefrine molecule to create novel derivatives and study their structure-activity relationships (SAR).

Key Characteristics of "Chemical Grade" Etilefrine HCl vs. Pharmaceutical Grade

Summary

• Etilefrine hydrochloride is a synthetic drug that raises blood pressure by stimulating alpha-adrenergic receptors.

  In its chemical grade form, it is not used as a medicine.

  Its sole purposes are:

1. As an Analytical Standard for quality control and forensic testing.

2. As a Research Tool in pharmacological and biochemical experiments to study cardiovascular systems and receptor biology.

3. As a Potential Chemical Intermediate for synthesis.

When sourcing "chemical grade" etilefrine hydrochloride, it is typically purchased from suppliers of fine chemicals and reference standards (e.g., Sigma-Aldrich, TCI, LGC Standards, USP) and must be handled with appropriate laboratory safety precautions.

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