The HACE1 (HECT domain and ankyrin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase 1) antibody is a tool used to detect and study the HACE1 protein, a ubiquitin ligase involved in cellular regulation and disease. HACE1 functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase, tagging specific substrates with ubiquitin for proteasomal degradation. It plays critical roles in tumor suppression, oxidative stress response, and maintaining cellular homeostasis. Structurally, it contains an N-terminal ankyrin repeat domain for protein interactions and a C-terminal HECT domain responsible for its enzymatic activity.
Research links HACE1 to cancer biology, as its gene is frequently downregulated or deleted in various cancers, including Wilms' tumor, breast cancer, and lung adenocarcinoma. Loss of HACE1 correlates with increased tumor growth, metastasis, and poor prognosis, attributed to dysregulation of its substrates like Rac1. a GTPase involved in cell motility and invasion. HACE1-mediated ubiquitination of Rac1 limits its activity, thereby suppressing tumor-promoting signaling pathways.
HACE1 antibodies are widely used in techniques like Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence to analyze protein expression, localization, and interactions in cellular and tissue samples. Studies also explore its role in neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorders, highlighting its broad regulatory influence. Knockout mouse models further demonstrate HACE1's importance in preventing spontaneous tumors and oxidative damage. Overall, HACE1 antibodies are vital for unraveling the protein's multifaceted roles in health and disease.