TBC1D21 (Tre-2/Bub2/Cdc16 domain family member 21) is a protein encoded by the TBC1D21 gene, which belongs to the TBC/RABGAP family known for regulating Rab GTPases involved in intracellular trafficking and membrane dynamics. TBC1D21 contains a conserved TBC domain that facilitates GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity, potentially modulating Rab-mediated processes such as vesicle transport, organelle organization, or ciliary function. Studies suggest its association with primary cilia, specialized sensory organelles critical for signaling pathways (e.g., Hedgehog) and cellular homeostasis.
Antibodies targeting TBC1D21 are essential tools for investigating its expression, localization, and functional roles. These antibodies are typically produced using immunogens derived from specific regions of the human TBC1D21 protein, such as recombinant peptides or epitope-tagged constructs. Validated applications include Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunoprecipitation, enabling researchers to study tissue-specific expression patterns, subcellular distribution (e.g., ciliary base or centrosomal regions), and interactions with trafficking-related proteins. Proper antibody validation via knockout controls or siRNA-mediated depletion is crucial due to potential cross-reactivity with homologous TBC family members. TBC1D21 antibodies have been utilized in research exploring ciliopathies, neurodevelopmental disorders, and intracellular transport mechanisms, though its precise physiological and pathological roles remain under active investigation. Commercial availability and species reactivity (e.g., human, mouse) vary by supplier.