**Background of CSF2 Antibody**
CSF2 (Colony Stimulating Factor 2), also known as GM-CSF (Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor), is a cytokine critical for immune regulation, hematopoiesis, and inflammation. It binds to the GM-CSF receptor (GM-CSFR), activating downstream signaling pathways like JAK/STAT, MAPK, and PI3K, which promote the differentiation, proliferation, and survival of myeloid cells, including macrophages, granulocytes, and dendritic cells.
CSF2 antibodies are therapeutic or research tools designed to neutralize GM-CSF activity. Dysregulated GM-CSF signaling is implicated in autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis), inflammatory disorders (e.g., asthma), and certain cancers. By blocking GM-CSF or its receptor, these antibodies aim to suppress excessive immune activation and inflammation.
Clinical development of CSF2 antibodies, such as mavrilimumab (anti-GM-CSFRα) or otilimab (anti-GM-CSF), has shown promise in trials targeting rheumatoid arthritis, COVID-19-related hyperinflammation, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, concerns about immunosuppression-related risks (e.g., infections) necessitate careful evaluation. Research continues to explore their efficacy, safety, and potential in modulating immune responses across diverse pathologies.