Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is a transmembrane protein belonging to the Toll-like receptor family, which plays a critical role in the innate immune system by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). TLR3 specifically detects double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), a molecular signature of viral infections, and triggers downstream signaling pathways to induce pro-inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons. This receptor is primarily expressed in immune cells (e.g., dendritic cells, macrophages) and epithelial cells, localizing to intracellular endosomes.
TLR3 antibodies are essential tools for studying its expression, activation mechanisms, and functional roles in antiviral immunity, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies targeting TLR3 enable researchers to detect its presence via techniques like Western blot, immunohistochemistry, or flow cytometry. They also facilitate investigations into TLR3-mediated signaling, such as the TRIF-dependent pathway activating NF-κB and IRF3. Additionally, TLR3 antibodies are used to explore therapeutic applications, including modulating immune responses in viral infections (e.g., HSV, influenza) or cancer immunotherapy. Dysregulation of TLR3 has been linked to conditions like inflammatory bowel disease and lupus, making these antibodies valuable for both mechanistic research and drug development.
Overall, TLR3 antibodies bridge molecular insights with clinical relevance, advancing our understanding of innate immunity and targeted therapies.