The neuropeptide Y receptor Y1 (NPY1R) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that mediates the biological effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY), a widely distributed neurotransmitter and hormone involved in regulating appetite, anxiety, cardiovascular function, and energy homeostasis. NPY1R is primarily expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as in peripheral tissues like adipose and vascular smooth muscle. It signals through Gαi/o proteins, inhibiting cAMP production and activating mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. NPY1R antibodies are essential tools for studying receptor localization, expression levels, and function in both physiological and pathological contexts. These antibodies are commonly used in techniques such as immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and flow cytometry to investigate NPY1R's role in obesity, cancer progression (e.g., breast and prostate cancers), and cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies also explore its potential as a therapeutic target for metabolic disorders and stress-related conditions. Validation of NPY1R antibodies typically includes knockout controls and ligand-binding assays to ensure specificity, given the high structural similarity among NPY receptor subtypes. Researchers prioritize antibodies targeting extracellular domains for live-cell applications or intracellular epitopes for signaling studies.