GDF11 (Growth Differentiation Factor 11), a member of the TGF-β superfamily, is a secreted protein involved in regulating cellular differentiation, tissue homeostasis, and aging. Initially recognized for its role in embryonic development, particularly in axial patterning and organogenesis, GDF11 gained attention in aging research after studies suggested its plasma levels decline with age and that its restoration could rejuvenate aged tissues. However, these findings remain controversial, with conflicting reports on its role in muscle regeneration, neurogenesis, and cardiac function.
GDF11 antibodies are tools designed to specifically bind and neutralize GDF11 or detect its expression in biological samples. They are widely used in research to investigate GDF11's signaling mechanisms, which overlap with those of myostatin (GDF8), another TGF-β family member. These antibodies enable studies exploring GDF11's dual role in both promoting and inhibiting tissue repair, depending on context and concentration.
The therapeutic potential of modulating GDF11 has spurred interest in developing neutralizing antibodies for age-related diseases, such as sarcopenia, neurodegenerative disorders, or cardiovascular conditions. Challenges include resolving discrepancies in GDF11's reported functions, ensuring antibody specificity to avoid cross-reactivity with homologous proteins, and clarifying its complex interactions with receptors like ALK4/5/7. While preclinical studies show promise, clinical applications remain speculative, necessitating further mechanistic and translational research to validate GDF11 as a viable therapeutic target.