The GNAI2 antibody targets the G protein subunit alpha i2 (Gαi2), encoded by the GNAI2 gene, which belongs to the inhibitory G protein alpha subunit family (Gi/o). GNAI2 is a critical component of heterotrimeric G proteins, playing a central role in transmitting signals from G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to intracellular effectors. It inhibits adenylate cyclase activity, reducing cAMP levels, and regulates ion channels, cell proliferation, differentiation, and neurotransduction. Dysregulation of GNAI2 has been linked to cancers, immune disorders, and neurological conditions, making it a focus in disease research.
GNAI2 antibodies are essential tools for detecting and quantifying the protein in experimental settings. They are widely used in techniques like Western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), and flow cytometry to study GNAI2 expression, localization, and function across tissues or cell types. Researchers employ these antibodies to explore GNAI2's role in signaling pathways, its interaction with GPCRs, and its pathological implications. For instance, reduced GNAI2 expression has been associated with tumor progression, while aberrant activity may contribute to autoimmune diseases.
When selecting a GNAI2 antibody, specificity and validation are critical. Antibodies should be tested for cross-reactivity with other Gα subunits (e.g., GNAI1. GNAI3) and validated using knockout controls. Applications may vary depending on the antibody's clonality (monoclonal vs. polyclonal) and epitope targets. Proper experimental optimization, including sample preparation and dilution ratios, ensures reliable results. Commercial GNAI2 antibodies often cite peer-reviewed studies, aiding reproducibility in cancer, immunology, and neuroscience research.