The interleukin-20 receptor beta (IL20RB), a subunit of the IL-20 receptor complex, is a transmembrane protein belonging to the type II cytokine receptor family. It pairs with IL20RA or IL6ST (gp130) to form functional heterodimeric receptors for cytokines IL-19. IL-20. and IL-24. which are part of the IL-10 cytokine family. These cytokines regulate immune responses, inflammation, and tissue remodeling by activating downstream JAK-STAT signaling pathways. IL20RB is expressed in epithelial tissues, immune cells, and endothelial cells, playing roles in skin homeostasis, wound healing, and pathogenic processes like psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer.
IL20RB-targeting antibodies are investigational tools designed to modulate IL-20-mediated signaling. In autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, excessive IL-20 cytokine activity drives hyperproliferation of keratinocytes (psoriasis) or synovial inflammation (arthritis). Blocking IL20RB with monoclonal antibodies may inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling, potentially reducing disease progression. In oncology, IL20RB overexpression in certain tumors correlates with angiogenesis and metastasis, making it a candidate for antibody-based therapies. Current research focuses on validating IL20RB's therapeutic potential through preclinical models and early-phase clinical trials, aiming to balance efficacy with minimal off-target effects. These antibodies may also serve as diagnostic biomarkers for diseases linked to dysregulated IL-20 family signaling.