**Background of PADI2 Antibodies**
PADI2 (peptidyl arginine deiminase 2) is a calcium-dependent enzyme belonging to the peptidyl arginine deiminase family, which catalyzes the post-translational conversion of arginine residues to citrulline in proteins. This process, termed citrullination, plays critical roles in epigenetic regulation, protein function, and cellular signaling. PADI2 is widely expressed in various tissues, including the brain, immune cells, and reproductive organs, and is implicated in physiological processes like myelination and chromatin remodeling, as well as pathologies such as cancer, autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), and neurodegenerative disorders.
PADI2 antibodies are essential tools for detecting and studying the expression, localization, and activity of PADI2 in research. They enable techniques like Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence to explore its role in disease mechanisms or normal biology. For example, PADI2-specific antibodies have been used to investigate its involvement in citrullinating histones (affecting gene expression) or myelin basic protein (linked to multiple sclerosis). Commercial PADI2 antibodies are typically raised against unique epitopes of human PADI2. though cross-reactivity with orthologs in model organisms (e.g., mice) is often validated. Challenges include ensuring specificity due to homology among PADI family members (PADI1-4. PADI6). Recent studies also highlight PADI2's potential as a therapeutic target, driving demand for reliable antibodies to support drug development and biomarker discovery.