1. Product Identification
• Product name: Antimony Tin Oxide (ATO), Antimony-doped Tin Oxide
• Chemical name: Antimony tin oxide
• CAS number: 128221-48-7
• Chemical formula: SnO₂:Sb₂O₃ or Sb₂SnO₅ (doped compound)
• Physical form: Blue powder, approximately spherical nanoparticles
2. Key Technical Properties
Grade SnO₂(%) Sb₂O₃(%)
ATO-T85 85 15
ATO-T90 90 10
ATO-T92 92 8
ATO-T95 95 5
Property Value Notes
D50 (Particle Size) 3.0 µm
True Density 6.95 g/cm³ at 20 °C
BET Surface Area 47–85 m²/g Non-porous
Solubility /
Dispersibility
Water: Insoluble
Acetone: Dispersible
Ethanol: Dispersible
*Requires surfactants
(typ. 9.5:0.5
Ethanol:Water)
Thermal Stability Up to ~800 °C Stable without phase
transition of SnO2 host
3. Functional Role and Mechanism
• Intended technical functions:
◦ Electrical conductor / conduction pathway for antistatic coatings
◦ Optically transparent conductive component (formulations targeting >80%
visible transmittance)
◦ Antistatic additive for polymers and coatings
◦ Infrared/thermal absorber via free-carrier absorption
◦ Investigated in research literature as a charge transport or interfacial
material in perovskite solar cells.
◦ Catalytic support (nanoparticle surface as catalyst carrier)
• Mechanistic description:
◦ Sb⁵⁺ substitutes for Sn⁴⁺ at lattice sites, creating shallow donor states below
the conduction band minimum; the extra electron from Sb⁵⁺ populates the
conduction band and establishes n‑type conductivity.
◦ Crystal structure: Sb-doped SnO₂ with tetragonal rutile structure (space
group P4₂/mnm).
◦ The wide band gap (on the order of 3.2–3.8 eV) allows high visible-light
transmission while maintaining an electrically conductive network.
4. Applications
Established applications:
Flame Retardants;
Antistatic coatings (primary market application; 2-15 wt% loading in polyamide, acrylic resins);
PET Catalyst & Plastics; Laser marking additives
Constraints: Extreme-temperature electronics requiring operation >800°C sustained (thermal decomposition limit of SnO₂ phase); High-moisture aqueous environments without protective coating (hygroscopic nanoparticle surface; charge trapping); Direct contact applications with strong oxidizing agents or highly reactive substances (incompatible per SDS); Applications requiring p-type conductivity (ATO is inherently n-type; Sb⁵⁺ doping cannot be reversed to p-type without fundamental reformulation); RF shielding applications >100 GHz (SnO₂ becomes lossy and opaque in microwave frequencies); Moisture-sensitive electronics below percolation threshold (<2 wt% loading; network disruption by surface hydration)
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关键字： ATO; Antimony-doped Tin ;Antimony Tin Oxide;n-type wide band gap;