The principle of heparin sodium anticoagulation and its application in blood collection

 

Heparin sodium is a commonly used anticoagulant, which is widely used in various medical fields, including in blood collection. Below, we will explore its anticoagulant principle and its application in the blood collection process.

 

Anticoagulant principle

Heparin sodium is an anticoagulant that directly acts on thrombin and activating factor X. It mainly exerts anticoagulant effects through the following mechanisms:

 

1. Inhibition of thrombin formation and activity: Thrombin is a key factor in the blood coagulation process, which can convert fibrinogen into fibrin and promote blood coagulation. By binding to the antithrombin trisaccharide chain, the formation and activity of thrombin are blocked, thereby inhibiting the production of thrombin.

 

2. Inhibiting the activity of activating factor X: Activating factor X is an important link in the process of thrombin production. Heparin sodium can bind to antithrombin trisaccharide chains and form complexes with activating factor X, thereby inhibiting the activity of activating factor X and hindering the progression of coagulation cascade reactions.

 

3. Increase the activity of antithrombin: It can also enhance its activity by binding to antithrombin III in plasma. Antithrombin III is a natural anticoagulant substance that can specifically inhibit the activity of thrombin, thereby exerting anticoagulant effects.

 

During the blood collection process, it is often used to prevent blood clotting and ensure the reliable quality of the collected samples. Its main applications include the following:

1. Blood routine examination: In experiments such as blood routine, biochemical analysis, and immunological testing, fresh whole blood or plasma samples need to be obtained. It is added to the blood collection vessel to prevent blood from clotting after collection and maintain sample stability.

 

2. Thrombosis screening: For patients with a history of thrombosis or related symptoms, thrombosis screening is required. During blood collection, the anticoagulant effect of heparin sodium can prevent blood from clotting in the pipeline, ensuring that plasma samples can be used for various tests.

 

3. Special tests: Some tests require the use of activated molecules, enzymes, and other reagents that are sensitive to the coagulation process. In this case, the addition of heparin sodium can effectively inhibit coagulation reactions and ensure the accuracy of detection results.

 

It is worth noting that during the blood collection process, attention should be paid to controlling the amount and concentration of its addition to avoid adverse effects on subsequent experiments. In addition, individual differences may also affect the anticoagulation effect, so adjustments need to be made according to the patient's situation in specific applications.

 

In summary, heparin sodium, as a commonly used anticoagulant, has broad application value in the medical field. It exerts anticoagulant effects by inhibiting the formation and activity of thrombin, inhibiting the activity of activating factor X, and increasing the activity of antithrombin. During the blood collection process, the application of heparin sodium can ensure the acquisition of fresh and stable samples, and improve the accuracy of experimental results. However, attention should be paid to controlling the amount and concentration of its addition during use, and adjusting it according to the patient's condition to ensure its better anticoagulant effect