| Identification | More | [Name]
1,2,3-Trichloropropane | [CAS]
96-18-4 | [Synonyms]
1,2,3-TRICHLOROPROPANE
GLYCEROL TRICHLOROHYDRIN
TRICHLOROHYDRIN
TRICHLOROPROPANE
1,2,3-trichloro-propan
1,2,3-Trichlorpropan
Allyl trichloride
allyltrichloride
Glycerintrichlorhydrin
Glycerintrichlorohydrin
Glyceryl trichlorohydrin
glyceryltrichlorohydrin
NCI-C60220
propane,1,2,3-trichloro-
1,2,3-TRICHLOROPROPANE, 1X1ML, MEOH, 500 0UG/ML
1,2,3-TRICHLOROPROPANE, 1000MG, NEAT
1,2,3-TRICHLOROPROPANE, not stabilized, OEKANAL
1,2,3-TRICHLOROPROPANE, 1X1ML, MEOH, 200 UG/ML
1 2 3-TRICHLOROPROPANE STANDARD FOR GC
1,2,3-Trichloropropane, 99+ % | [EINECS(EC#)]
202-486-1 | [Molecular Formula]
C3H5Cl3 | [MDL Number]
MFCD00000946 | [Molecular Weight]
147.43 | [MOL File]
96-18-4.mol |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [Description]
1,2,3-Trichloropropane is a synthetic chemical that is also known as allyl trichloride, glycerol
trichlorohydrin, and trichlorohydrin. It is a colourless, heavy liquid with a sweet but
strong chloroform-like odour and is combustible. 1,2,3-Trichloropropane is slightly soluble
in water but soluble in chloroform, diethyl ether, and ethanol. On contact with heat/
fire, 1,2,3-trichloropropane releases off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases). It evaporates
very quickly and small amounts dissolve in water. It is mainly used to make other chemicals.
1,2,3-Trichloropropane was used in the past mainly as a solvent and extractive agent,
including as a paint and varnish remover and as a cleaning and degreasing agent. It is now
used mainly as a chemical intermediate, for example, in the production of polysulphone
liquid polymers, dichloropropene and hexafluoropropylene and as a cross-linking agent
in the synthesis of polysulphides. | [Appearance]
Colorless liquid. Slightly soluble in water;
dissolves oils, fats, waxes, chlorinated rubber, and
numerous resins. autoign temp 580F (304C). Combustible. | [Melting point ]
-14 °C (lit.) | [Boiling point ]
156 °C (lit.) | [density ]
1.387 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
| [vapor pressure ]
3.1 at 25 °C (Banerjee et al., 1990) | [refractive index ]
n20/D 1.484(lit.)
| [Fp ]
180 °F
| [storage temp. ]
-20°C | [solubility ]
Soluble in alcohol and ether (Weast, 1986); miscible with propyl chloride, carbon tetrachloride,
and chloroform. | [form ]
neat | [color ]
Colorless to Almost colorless | [Water Solubility ]
2 g/L (25 ºC) | [BRN ]
1732068 | [Henry's Law Constant]
34.5 at 25.0 °C (mole fraction ratio-GC, Leighton and Calo, 1981) | [Dielectric constant]
2.3（29℃） | [Exposure limits]
TLV-TWA 10 ppm (～60 mg/m3) (ACGIH),
50 ppm (MSHA, OSHA, and NIOSH); IDLH
1000 ppm (NIOSH). | [LogP]
2.63 at 25℃ | [Uses]
Paint and varnish remover, solvent, degreasing
agent. | [CAS DataBase Reference]
96-18-4(CAS DataBase Reference) | [IARC]
2A (Vol. 63) 1995 | [NIST Chemistry Reference]
Propane, 1,2,3-trichloro-(96-18-4) | [EPA Substance Registry System]
96-18-4(EPA Substance) |
| Safety Data | Back Directory | [Hazard Codes ]
T,F | [Risk Statements ]
R45:May cause cancer.
R60:May impair fertility.
R20/21/22:Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed .
R39/23/24/25:Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed .
R23/24/25:Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed .
R11:Highly Flammable.
R38:Irritating to the skin. | [Safety Statements ]
S53:Avoid exposure-obtain special instruction before use .
S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show label where possible) .
S36/37:Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves .
S37:Wear suitable gloves .
S36:Wear suitable protective clothing . | [RIDADR ]
UN 2810 6.1/PG 3
| [WGK Germany ]
3
| [RTECS ]
TZ9275000
| [TSCA ]
Yes | [HazardClass ]
6.1 | [PackingGroup ]
III | [HS Code ]
29031980 | [Safety Profile]
Confirmed carcinogen.
Poison by ingestion. Moderately toxic by
inhalation and skin contact. Experimental
reproductive effects. A skin and severe eye
irritant. Mutation data reported. Moderately
flammable by heat, flames (sparks), or
powerful oxidizers. See also ALLYL
COMPOUNDS and CHLORINATED
HYDROCARBONS, ALIPHATIC. When
heated to decomposition it yields hghly
toxic Cl-. To fight fre, use water (as a
blanket), spray, mist, dry chemical. | [Hazardous Substances Data]
96-18-4(Hazardous Substances Data) | [Toxicity]
Acute oral LD50 for rats 320 mg/kg (quoted, RTECS, 1985). | [IDLA]
100 ppm |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [General Description]
Colorless liquid with a strong acid odor. Denser than water and slightly soluble in water. Hence sinks in water. | [Reactivity Profile]
1,2,3-TRICHLOROPROPANE(96-18-4) is sensitive to prolonged exposure to light. Sensitive to heat. May react with active metals, strong caustics and oxidizing agents. Attacks some plastics, rubber and some coatings . | [Air & Water Reactions]
Slightly soluble in water. | [Health Hazard]
Inhalation of vapor causes anesthesia, dizziness, and nausea. Vapor is highly irritating by inhalation routes and moderately irritating by dermal routes. Exposure of eyes to vapor may result in slight, transient injury to the cornea. | [Potential Exposure]
Trichloropropane dissolves oils, fats,
waxes, chlorinated rubber; and numerous resins; it is used
as a paint and varnish remover; a solvent; and a degreasing
agent. | [First aid]
If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any
contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least
15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek
medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the
skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately
with soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately.
If this chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure,
begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions,
including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and
CPR if heart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a
medical facility. When this chemical has been swallowed,
get medical attention. Give large quantities of water and
induce vomiting. Do not make an unconscious person
vomit. | [Shipping]
UN2810 Toxic liquids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard
Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical
Name Required. | [Incompatibilities]
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates,
nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine,
bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions.
Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases,
strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Violent decomposition
with chemically active metals; strong bases. Keep away
from chlorinated rubber, resins and waxes; and sunlight. | [Waste Disposal]
Incineration, preferably after
mixing with another combustible fuel. Care must be exercised
to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation
of phosgene. An acid scrubber is necessary to remove
the halo acids produced. | [Physical properties]
Clear, colorless liquid with a strong, chloroform-like odor | [Definition]
ChEBI: 1,2,3-Trichloropropane is an organochlorine compound. | [Fire Hazard]
Combustible liquid; flash point (closed cup)
73°C (164°F), (open cup) 82°C (180°F).
Vapors of 1,2,3-trichloropropane form explo sive mixtures with air, with LEL and UEL
values of 3.2% and 12.6% by volume in air,
respectively. The compound reacts vigorously
with alkali metals, powdered magnesium, or
aluminum; caustic alkalies; and oxidizers. | [Flammability and Explosibility]
Nonflammable | [Carcinogenicity]
1,2,3-Trichloropropane is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals. | [Environmental Fate]
Chemical/Physical. The hydrolysis rate constant for 1,2,3-trichloropropane at pH 7 and 25 °C
was determined to be 1.8 x 10-6/h, resulting in a half-life of 43.9 yr (Ellington et al., 1988). The
hydrolysis half-lives decrease at varying pHs and temperature. At 87 °C, the hydrolysis half-lives
at pH values of 3.07, 7.12, and 9.71 were 21.1, 11.6, and 0.03 d, respectively (Ellington et al.,
1986). By analogy to 1,2-dibromo-2-chloropropane, the following hydrolysis products would be
formed: 2,3-dichloro-1-propanol, 2,3-dichloropropene, epichlorohydrin, 1-chloro-2,3-
dihydroxypropane, glycerol, 1-hydroxy-2,3-propylene oxide, 2-chloro-3-hydroxypropene, and
HCl (Kollig, 1993).
The volatilization half-life of 1,2,3-trichloropropane (1 mg/L) from water at 25 °C using a
shallow-pitch propeller stirrer at 200 rpm at an average depth of 6.5 cm was 56.1 min (Dilling,
1977). | [Toxicity evaluation]
It is currently believed that TCP itself has very low activity,
while its metabolites mainly cause toxicity, carcinogenicity, and
other effects. The liver can metabolize TCP by cytochrome P450
enzymes to give reactive intermediates, which bind to glutathione
or other protein for excretion. The reactive intermediates
can bind to DNA, proteins, and other molecules and cause
hepatocellular damage, gene mutation, and organ dysfunction.
Activation of the molecule may occur by reaction with glutathione.
The metabolites (e.g., dichloroacetone) accumulated
through glutathione depletion and consequently covalent
binding to DNA and other macromolecules such as microsomal
proteins. |
| Questions And Answer | Back Directory | [Description]
1,2,3-Trichloropropane is a chemical compound existing as an intermediate in certain pesticides. It is used as the intermediate for the manufacturing of chemicals such as epoxy resins, polysulfone liquid polymers, the synthesis of hexafluoropropylene, and as a cross-linking agent in the synthesis of polysulfides. It has also been used as the solvent for paint and varnish removal, a cleaning and degreasing agent, and a maintenance solvent. It has also been used as a soil fumigant. In addition, it is also a “branching” or curing agent in polysulfide polymers, which is used as the sealants for aircraft fuel tanks and bodies. However, it should be noted that it is a persistent groundwater pollutant and a potential human carcinogen.
| [Chemical Properties]
1,2,3-Trichloropropane (hereinafter referred to as TCP) is a chlorinated hydrocarbon that was historically used as an industrial solvent and a degreasing agent. Currently, however, TCP is utilized as an intermediate in the production of polymer cross-linking agents, pesticides, and glycerol. In its pure form, TCP is a colorless to yellow liquid with limited solubility in water, a strong chloroform-like odor, moderate volatility, and high flammability. | [Source]
Produced in large quantities as an epichlorohydrin production byproduct, TCP is a synthetic compound that does not occur naturally in the environment. In the agrochemical industry, TCP is formed via the manufacture of dichloropropene-derived nematicides (pesticides used to kill parasitic nematodes), and it is also present as an impurity in these soil fumigants. As a result, application of these products has produced significant atmosphere, soil, and groundwater contamination, which in turn can induce various health problems in wildlife and humans. The toxicological effects of TCP depend on dose and duration, but can range from kidney and liver damage to tumors and cancers. | [health standards]
The EPA has established drinking water health advisories for 1,2,3-Trichloropropane, which are drinking water specific risk level concentrations for cancer (10-4 cancer risk) and concentrations of drinking water contaminants at which noncancer adverse health effects are not anticipated to occur over specific exposure durations. EPA established a 1-day health advisory of 0.6 milligrams per liter (mg/L) and a 10-day health advisory of 0.6 mg/L for TCP in drinking water for a 10 kilogram (kg) child (EPA 2012a).
| [Reference]
- Samin, G, and D. B. Janssen. "Transformation and biodegradation of 1,2,3-trichloropropane (TCP). " Environmental Science & Pollution Research 19.8(2012): 3067-3078.
- Liu, P., et al. "Successful therapy with hemoperfusion and plasma exchange in acute 1,2,3-trichloropropane poisoning." Human & Experimental Toxicology 31.5(2012): 523-527.
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| Spectrum Detail | Back Directory | [Spectrum Detail]
1,2,3-Trichloropropane(96-18-4)MS
1,2,3-Trichloropropane(96-18-4)1HNMR
1,2,3-Trichloropropane(96-18-4)13CNMR
1,2,3-Trichloropropane(96-18-4)IR1
1,2,3-Trichloropropane(96-18-4)Raman
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