Cefepime Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R42/43:Sensibilisierung durch Einatmen und Hautkontakt möglich.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S22:Staub nicht einatmen.
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
Beschreibung
Cefepime is a new fourth-generation parenteral cephalosporine antibiotic launched in
1993 in Sweden and France. Cefepime has broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against
Staphylococcus, Strepfococcus, Pseudomonas, and the Enterobacteriaceae, including many
bacterial isolates that are resistant to commonly used ceftazidime and cefotaxime. Its
efficacy has been demonstrated in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections
especially pneumonia, intra-abdominal and urinary tract infections, skin and soft tissue
infections, chronic osteomyelitis and in prophylaxis of biliary tract and prostate infections. It
is well tolerated by patients and is reported to exhibit no significant drug interactions.
Chemische Eigenschaften
colorless Powder
Verwenden
Cefepime is used for bacterial infections caused by microorganisms that are sensitive to
drugs in septicemia, bacteriemia, complicated infections of the upper and lower sections
of the urinary system, pneumonia, pulmonary abscesses, emphysema of the pleura, fever
in patients with neutropenia, and infected skin and soft tissue wounds. Synonyms of this
drug are maxipime, cepim, cepimex, and others.
Antimicrobial activity
Its activity against common pathogens is comparable
to that of group 4 cephalosporins, but it is somewhat
more active against Ps. aeruginosa. Like cefpirome it has low
affinity for the molecular class C cephalosporinases of many
Gram-negative rods and is consequently active against
most strains of Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., Serratia spp.
and Ps. aeruginosa that are resistant to cefotaxime and ceftazidime.
It has poor activity against L. monocytogenes and against
anaerobic organisms.
Pharmakokinetik
C
max 2 g intravenous (30-min infusion): c. 160 mg/L end infusion
Plasma half-life: c. 2 h
Volume of distribution: 14–20 L
Plasma protein binding: 10–19%
It is well distributed. Penetration into tissues, including lung,
appears to be similar to that of other aminothiazoyl cephalosporins.
Very low concentrations are achieved in CSF in the
absence of meningeal inflammation. It is secreted in breast
milk.
It is partially metabolized, but 85% of the dose is excreted
unchanged in the urine, achieving a concentration approaching
1 g/L within 4 h of a 1 g intravenous dose. Dosage adjustment
is required in patients with impaired renal function,
but hepatic impairment does not affect the pharmacokinetic
properties.
Clinical Use
Cefepime (Maxipime, Axepin) is a parenteral, β-lactamase–resistant cephalosporin that is chemically and microbiologicallysimilar to cefpirome. It also has a broadantibacterial spectrum, with significant activity against bothGram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including streptococci,staphylococci, Pseudomonas spp., and theEnterobacteriaceae. It is active against some bacterial isolatesthat are resistant to ceftazidime. The efficacy of cefepimehas been demonstrated in the treatment of urinary tract infections,lower respiratory tract infections, skin and soft tissueinfections, chronic osteomyelitis, and intra-abdominal andbiliary infections. It is excreted in the urine with a half-life of2.1 hours. It is bound minimally to plasma proteins. Cefepimeis also a fourth-generation cephalosporin.
Nebenwirkungen
It is used in the treatment of serious infections, particularly
those in which resistant Gram-negative pathogens are known
or suspected to be involved.
Cefepime Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
