Distickstofftetroxid Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R26:Sehr giftig beim Einatmen.
R34:Verursacht Verätzungen.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S9:Behälter an einem gut gelüfteten Ort aufbewahren.
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S28:Bei Berührung mit der Haut sofort abwaschen mit viel . . . (vom Hersteller anzugeben).
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
Beschreibung
Nitrogen tetraoxide is primarily known for its use as a rocket
propellant and became an oxidizer of choice by the late 1950s.
Nitrogen tetraoxide has been used as a propellant for missiles
as well as for spacecraft beginning with its use in Titan rockets
in the late 1950s.
Chemische Eigenschaften
col liquid [CRC10]
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Colorless liquid or gas; exists in equilibrium with NO
2; density 1.45 g/mL at 20°C; boils at 21.25°C; freezes at -9.35°C to a colorless diamagnetic solid; critical temperature 157.85°C; critical pressure 99.64 atm; critical volume 167 cm
3/mol; reacts with water.
Verwenden
Nitrogen tetroxide is a solvent and a powerful and selective oxidizing agent. It’s adducts with organic solvents are used to synthesize nitrates of noble metals.
Definition
A colorless gas that becomes a pale yellow
liquid below 21°C and solidifies below
–11°C. On heating, the gas dissociates to
nitrogen dioxide molecules:
N
2O
4(g) = 2NO
2(g)
This dissociation is complete at 140°C.
Liquid dinitrogen tetroxide has good solvent
properties and is used as a nitrating
agent.
synthetische
Nitrogen tetroxide always is formed along with nitrogen dioxide during preparation of the dioxide (See Nitrogen Dioxide.) Mixed oxides are produced by oxidation of nitric oxide (NO) in air, heating metal nitrates, or by metals reacting with nitric acids or nitrates.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Red-brown liquid with a sharp, unpleasant chemical odor. Low-boiling (boiling point 21.15°C) and held as a liquid by compression. Density 1.448 g / cm3. Consists of an equilibrium mixture of brown NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) and colorless N2O4 (diNITROGEN DIOXIDE). Evolves poisonous brown vapors. Cylinders and ton containers may not be equipped with a safety relief device. Prolonged exposure of the containers to fire or heat may result in their violent rupturing and rocketing.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Reacts with water to form nitric acid and nitric oxide.
Hazard
See Nitrogen Dioxide, Hazard.
Health Hazard
Very concentrated fumes produce coughing, choking, headache, nausea, pain in chest and abdomen; otherwise, few symtoms appear at time of exposure. After symptom-free period of 5-72 hours, pulmonary edema gradually develops, causing fatigue, restlessness, coughing, difficulty in breathing, frothy expectoration, mental confusion, lethargy, bluish skin, and weak, rapid pulse. Since NOX interferes with gas exchange in lungs, unconscious- ness and death by asphyxiation can result, usually within a few hours after onset of pulmonary edema.
Sicherheitsprofil
A poison. Moderately
toxic by inhalation. When heated to
decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx.
See also NITROGEN MONOXIDE.
Environmental Fate
Nitrogen tetroxide is released into the atmosphere where it can
undergo reactions, leading to air pollution.
läuterung methode
Purify it by oxidation at 0o in a stream of oxygen until the blue colour changes to red-brown. Alternatively distil it from P2O5, then solidify it by cooling in a deep-freeze (at –78o, giving nearly colourless crystals). Oxygen can be removed by alternate freezing and melting. TOXIC VAPOUR. [Schenk in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I pp 488-489 1963.]
Distickstofftetroxid Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
