Caesiumhydroxid Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSE BIS GELBE HYGROSKOPISCHE KRISTALLE.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Reagiert sehr heftig mit Wasser unter Bildung von Wärme. Starke Base. Reagiert sehr heftig mit Säuren. ätzend auf Metalle. Greift viele Metalle unter Bildung brennbarer/explosionsfähiger Gase an (z.B. Wasserstoff, ICSC-Nr. 0001).
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 2 mg/m?(als TWA) (ACGIH 2004).
MAK nicht festgelegt (DFG 2006).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Eine schädliche Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann schnell erreicht werden durch Dispergieren.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Der Stoff ist ätzend auf die Augen, die Haut und die Atemwege. ätzend beim Verschlucken.
LECKAGE
Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzgerät, P2-Filter für schädliche Partikel. Chemikalienschutzanzug. Verschüttetes Material in abdichtbaren Plastikbehältern sammeln. Reste mit viel Wasser wegspülen.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Verschlucken.
R35:Verursacht schwere Verätzungen.
R34:Verursacht Verätzungen.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S27:Beschmutzte, getränkte Kleidung sofort ausziehen.
S28:Bei Berührung mit der Haut sofort abwaschen mit viel . . . (vom Hersteller anzugeben).
Chemische Eigenschaften
Cesium hydroxide is a colorless-to-yellow
crystalline compound. It is often used in a water solution.
Physikalische Eigenschaften
White to yellowish fused crystalline mass; highly deliquescent; very alkaline; density 3.68 g/cm
3; melts 272°C; highly soluble in water; soluble in ethanol; aqueous solution is very alkaline.
Verwenden
Cesium hydroxide is used in the preparation of porous cesium titanosilicates, which are potential ion-exchange materials utilized for radioactive wastes cleaning purpose. It is also involved in the preparation of other cesium salts. Further, it is used as an electrolyte in alkaline storage batteries and as a catalyst in organic synthesis. In addition to this, it is used in color photography.
Definition
ChEBI: Caesium hydroxide is an alkali metal hydroxide and a caesium molecular entity.
synthetische
Cesium hydroxide is prepared by electrolysis of cesium salts to obtain cesium metal, which then reacts with water to yield hydroxide. It also is prepared by the action of barium hydroxide with an aqueous solution of cesium sulfate.
Application
Cesium hydroxide also exerts unusual effects in organic reactions, such as the controlled alkylation of amines. In this instance, the cesium ion itself is explicitly involved in the reaction. The hydroxide base promotes an alkylation of a primary amine, while the Cs+ ion weakly coordinates to the amine such that further alkylation is inhibited, preventing formation of dialkyl and trialkyl amines.
Cesium hydroxide solution is used in industrial catalysis. Cesium acts as apromoter e.g. in the production of polyols. Polyols are important raw materials for the production of polyurethane foams. Their synthesis profits from use of cesium hydroxide as base catalyst. In polyol synthesis isomerization of the starting material propylene oxide is an adverse side reaction eventually leading to chain termination in the polymerization with polyisocyanate. The tendency of polyols to undergo isomerization is minimized when using cesium hydroxide, as isomerization tendency decreases in the order Li > Na > K > Rb > Cs.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Cesium hydroxide is a colorless to yellow crystalline solid. Harmful to skin and eyes. Used in electric storage batteries.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Dilution with water may generate enough heat to cause steaming or spattering.
Reaktivität anzeigen
CESIUM HYDROXIDE,SOLUTION neutralizes acids exothermically to form salts plus water. Reacts with certain metals (such as aluminum and zinc) to form oxides or hydroxides of the metal and generate gaseous hydrogen. May initiate polymerization reactions in polymerizable organic compounds, especially epoxides. May generate flammable and/or toxic gases with ammonium salts, nitrides, halogenated organics, various metals, peroxides, and hydroperoxides. May serve as a catalyst. Reacts when heated above about 84°C with aqueous solutions of reducing sugars other than sucrose, to evolve toxic levels of carbon monoxide [Bretherick, 5th Ed., 1995].
Hazard
A poison. Skin, eye, and upper respiratory
tract irritant.
Health Hazard
TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.
Brandgefahr
Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated.
Sicherheitsprofil
Poison by
intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by
ingestion. A powerful caustic. A corrosive
skin and eye irritant. See also CESIUM.
mögliche Exposition
Cesium hydroxide may be used as a
raw material for other cesium salts; such as the chloride
which in turn may be used to produce cesium metal.
Cesium metal is used in electronic devices.
Versand/Shipping
UN2682 Cesium hydroxide, Hazard class: 8;
Labels: 8-Corrosive material. UN2681 Cesium hydroxide,
solution, Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material
Inkompatibilitäten
Cesium hydroxide is the strongest base
known. Keep away from all acids. It must be stored in silver or platinum and out of contact with air because of its
reactivity with glass. CsOH causes the generation of considerable heat in contact with water or moisture. Contact
with many organic compounds, many metals (i.e., aluminum, lead, tin, zinc), glass, oxygen, or carbon dioxide
causes a violent reaction.
Caesiumhydroxid Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
