Isopropylamin Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
HYGROSKOPISCHE FARBLOSE FLüSSIGKEIT MIT GERUCH NACH AMMONIAK.
PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN
Die Dämpfe sind schwerer als Luft und können sich am Boden ausbreiten. Fernzündung möglich.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Zersetzung beim Erhitzen, unter Bildung giftiger Rauche mit Stickstoffoxiden und Cyanwasserstoff. Reagiert mit starken Oxidationsmitteln; Säuren, Säureanhydriden und Säurechloriden. Reagiert sehr heftig mit Nitroparaffinen, halogenierten Kohlenwasserstoffen, Oxidationsmitteln und vielen anderen Substanzen. Greift Kupfer und seine Verbindungen, Blei, Zink und Zinn an.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 5 ppm (als TWA); 10 ppm (als STEL); (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: 5 ppm 12 mg/m?Spitzenbegrenzung: überschreitungsfaktor I(2); Schwangerschaft: Gruppe C; (DFG 2006).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation, über die Haut und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Beim Verdampfen bei 20°C kann sehr schnell eine gesundheitsschädliche Kontamination der Luft eintreten.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz verätzt die Augen, die Haut und die Atemwege. ätzend beim Verschlucken. Inhalation des Dampfes kann zu Lungenödem führen (s.Anm.). Verschlucken kann zur Aufnahme in der Lunge führen; Gefahr der Aspirationspneumonie. Exposition kann zum Tod führen.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Wiederholter oder andauernder Hautkontakt kann Dermatitis hervorrufen.
LECKAGE
Gefahrenbereich verlassen! Fachmann zu Rate ziehen! Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit möglichst in abdichtbaren Behältern sammeln. Reste mit Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen. NICHT in die Kanalisation spülen. NICHT in die Umwelt gelangen lassen. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Vollschutzanzug mit umgebungsluftunabhängigem Atemschutzgerät.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R12:Hochentzündlich.
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S16:Von Zündquellen fernhalten - Nicht rauchen.
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S29:Nicht in die Kanalisation gelangen lassen.
Beschreibung
Isopropylamine (propan-2-amine, IUPAC) is a colorless, volatile liquid. It is highly flammable, with a flammable range of 2%–10.4% in air. Boiling point is 93°F (33°C), flash point is ?15°F (?26°C), and ignition temperature is 756°F (402°C).
It is miscible with water, with a specific gravity of 0.69, which is lighter than water. Vapor density is 2.04, which is heavier than air. In addition to flammability, isopropylamine is a strong irritant to tissue and has a TLV of 5 ppm in air. The four-digit UN identification number is 1221. The NFPA 704 designation for isopropylamine is health 3, flammability 4, and reactivity 0. Primary uses for isopropylamine are pharmaceuticals, dyes, insecticides, and as a dehairing agent.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Isopropylamine is a colorless, flammable liquid. Isopropylamine is miscible
with water, alcohol, and ether.The odor threshold reportedly ranges from 0.21 to 0.70 ppm;
the pungent, ammoniacal odor becomes irritating at 24mg/m3
(110).
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Colorless liquid with a penetrating, ammonia-like odor. Experimentally determined detection and
recognition odor threshold concentrations were 500 μg/m
3 (210 ppb
v) and 1.7 mg/m
3 (700 ppb
v),
respectively (Hellman and Small, 1974). An odor threshold concentration of 25 ppb
v was reported
by Nagata and Takeuchi (1990).
Occurrence
Not reported found in natu
Verwenden
Isopropylamine is used as a dehairing agentand as an intermediate in the preparation ofmany organics.
Vorbereitung Methode
Isopropylamine can be produced from the corresponding alcohol by reacting with
ammonia in the presence of a dehydrating catalyst, or from the chloride by
reacting with ammonia under pressure. It is also reported that this amine can be
produced from acetone and ammonia or from the acetone oxime (HSDB 1989).
Definition
ChEBI: A member of the class of alkylamines that is propane carrying an amino group at position 2.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
A clear colorless liquid with an ammonia-like odor. Flash point -35°F. Boiling point 90°F. Less dense than water Vapors heavier than air. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion. Used as a solvent and to make other chemicals.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Highly flammable. Water soluble.
Reaktivität anzeigen
Isopropylamine is a colorless, alkaline liquid, very volatile, moderately toxic, highly flammable. Dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, sparks, or strong oxidizers. When heated to decomposition Isopropylamine emits toxic fumes of oxides of nitrogen [M. K.]. A mixture of Isopropylamine and perchloryl fluoride resulted in an uncontrolled oxidation and/or explosion, [J. Org. Chem., 1980, 45, 4036]. The reaction of 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane and the amine and most probably other nitrogen bases, yields a violent exotherm, [Chem. & Ind., 1971, 994].
Hazard
Highly flammable, dangerous fire risk.
Strong irritant to tissue.
Health Hazard
Isopropylamine is a strong irritant to theeyes, skin, and respiratory system. A shortexposure to 10–20 ppm can cause irritationof the nose and throat in humans (Procturand Hughes 1978). Prolonged exposure tohigh concentrations may lead to pulmonaryedema. Skin contact can cause dermatitisand skin burns. Exposure to 8000 ppm for4 hours was lethal to rats.
LD50 value, oral (mice): 2200 mg/kg.
Chemische Reaktivität
Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reactions; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.
Industrielle Verwendung
Isopropylamine can be used as a dehairing agent and as a solvent. It also finds use
as an intermediate in the production of insecticides, herbicides and bactericides
and in the production of pharmaceuticals, dyes and rubber accelerators (HSDB
1989).
Environmental Fate
Photolytic. Low et al. (1991) reported that the photooxidation of aqueous primary amine
solutions by UV light in the presence of titanium dioxide resulted in the formation of ammonium
and nitrate ions.
Chemical/Physical. Releases toxic nitrogen oxides when heated to decomposition (Sax and
Lewis, 1987). Forms water-soluble salts with acids.
Stoffwechsel
One would expect isopropylamine to be readily absorbed from the gut and
respiratory tract. Shorter chain aliphatic amines such as isopropylamine also are
efficiently absorbed through the skin (Beard and Noe 1981). When administered
intravenously, isopropylamine distributed rapidly into tissue compartments with
tissue/plasma ratios ranging from 1.8 in the atrium to 16.7 in the renal medulla
(Privitera et al 1982). During the elimination phase, a half-life of 146 min was
observed in plasma. There do not appear to be any definitive metabolic studies
with this compound, however through a comparison with other substrates, one
might expect oxidation to acetone and ammonia through the action of monoamine
oxidase (Tipton 1980).
Isopropylamin Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
