Isobutyl acetate

description

Isobutyl acetate, also known as n-propyl acetate, is the esterfication product between acetic acid and 2-butanol. It is a water-white liquid with flavor of soft fruit ester. It is slightly soluble in water, miscible with ethanol, ethyl ether as well as many other kinds of organic solvent including alcohol, ether and hydrocarbon. It can be mainly used as the diluent of nitro-lacquer and perchlorethylene paint and the solvents of nitrocellulose and lacquer as well as the substitution solvent of butyl acetate and methyl isobutyl ketone. It can also be used as a component of the flavoring agent. It can also be used as the diluent of plastic printing paste and the extraction agent in the pharmaceutical industry.
Sec-butyl acetate has excellent capability of dissolving many substances. It can be industrially applied as the solvent for manufacturing of nitrocellulose paint, acrylic paint, polyurethane paint, etc., these paints can also be used as an aircraft wing paint, artificial leather coatings and automotive coatings. Its dissolving capability is similar as n-butyl acetate and isobutyl acetate. In the coating formulation, it can be widely adopted for substitution of n-butyl acetate and isobutyl acetate. In metallic paints, people can apply butyl acetate to dissolve the cellulose acetate butyrate to obtain 15% to 20% solution.
The above information is edited by the chemicalbook of Dai Xiongfeng.

Chemical Properties

It is a water-white liquid with soft fruit ester flavor. It is miscible with a variety of organic solvents such as alcohols, ethers and hydrocarbons.

Uses

Isobutyl Acetate can be used as organic solvent, the solvent of nitrocellulose and lacquer, extraction agent, dehydrating agents. It can also be applied to collodion, nitrocellulose, varnishes, leather, pharmaceuticals, plastics and perfume industry.

Content Analysis

It can be determined according to the method 1 in ester assay (OT-18). The amount of the sample for taking is 1g. The equivalency factor (e) for the calculation can be taken as 58.08. Alternatively, people can apply non-polar column method via gas chromatography (GT-10-4) for the determination.
The above information is edited by the chemicalbook of Dai Xiongfeng.

Toxicity

LD50: 13400 mg/kg (rat, oral).
GRAS (FEMA).

Limited use

FEMA (mg/kg): soft drinks: 11; cold drink: 16; Confectionery: 36; Bakery: 35; pudding class: 170; gum: 860; coating: 5.5.
Take appropriate amount as limit (FDA§172.515,2000).

Production method

It can be obtained via the esterfication between iso-butanol and acetic anhydride in the presence of sulfuric acid. Mix the acetic anhydride and iso-butanol solution followed by adding drop wise of sulfuric acid. Heat for reflux of 5-6 h after a bit cooling, wash the refluxed liquid with water for 2-3 times. Use sodium carbonate for neutralizing with sodium carbonate, wash with water until neutralized, dry over calcium chloride with vacuum distillation in oil bath to derive the finished products.

Description

Isobutyl acetate has a fruity (currant-pear), floral (hyacinth-rose) odor and a characteristic ether-like, slightly bitter flavor. May be prepared by direct esterification of isobutyl alcohol with acetic acid.

Chemical Properties

Isobutyl acetate, also known as 2-methylpropyl ethanoate (IUPAC name) or β-methylpropyl acetate, is a common solvent. It is produced from the esterifi cation of isobutanol with acetic acid. It is used as a solvent for lacquer and nitrocellulose. Like many esters, it has a fruity or fl oral smell at low concentrations and occurs naturally in raspberries, pears, and other plants. At higher concentrations, the odor can be unpleasant and may cause symptoms of CNS depression, such as nausea, dizziness, and headache

Chemical Properties

Isobutyl acetate is a colorless liquid with a fruit flavor. Isobutyl acetate is moisture sensitive, incompatible with ignition sources, moisture, excess heat, strong oxidizing agents, and strong bases; on decomposition, it releases carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. It is used for nitrification fiber and paint solvents, chemical reagents, and modulation spices

Chemical Properties

Butyl acetates are colorless or yellowish liquids with pleasant, fruity odors. There are 4 isomers.

Physical properties

Colorless liquid with a fruity odor. Experimentally determined detection and recognition odor threshold concentrations were 1.7 mg/m³ (360 ppb_v) and 2.4 mg/m³ (510 ppb_v), respectively (Hellman and Small, 1974).

Occurrence

Reported found in, apple, apricot, banana, currants, guava, grapes, melon, pear, blackcurrant, papaya, pineapple, strawberry, vinegar, wheat bread, Parmesan and Gruyere cheese, beef fat, beer, cognac, rum, cider, whiskies, sherry, grape wines, port, olive, cocoa, passion fruit, plum, starfruit, bantu beer, plum and grape brandy, mango, tamarind, apple brandy, figs, plum wine, litchi, sake, nectarine, naranjilla fruit, Cape gooseberry and Roman chamomile oil.

Uses

Solvent; flavoring

Uses

Isobutyl acetate is used as a solvent and as aflavoring agent.

Uses

Isobutyl Acetate is a flavoring agent that is a clear colorless liquid with a fruity odor resembling banana when diluted. it is soluble in alcohol, propylene glycol, most fixed oils, and mineral oil, and slightly soluble in water. it is obtained by synthesis.

Definition

ChEBI: The acetate ester of isobutanol.

Preparation

By direct esterification of isobutyl alcohol with acetic acid.

Production Methods

Isobutyl acetate may be made from methyl isobutyl ketone. It may also be made by treating isobutanol with acetic acid in the presence of catalysts. The Tischenko reaction of acetaldehyde with isobutyraldehyde yields a mixture of isobutyl acetate with ethyl acetate and isobutyl isobutyrate.

Aroma threshold values

Detection: 65 to 880 ppb

Taste threshold values

Taste characteristics at 30 ppm: sweet fruity with a banana tutti-frutti note.

General Description

A clear colorless liquid with a fruity odor. Flash point 64°F. Less dense than water (6.2 lb / gal) and insoluble in water. Vapors are heavier than air .

Air & Water Reactions

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Reactivity Profile

Isobutyl acetate reacts exothermically with acids to give alcohols and other acids. May react sufficiently exothermically with strong oxidizing acids to ignite the reaction products. Reactions with bases also generate heat. Combination with strong reducing agents (alkali metals and hydrides) generates flammable hydrogen.

Hazard

Flammable, dangerous fire risk.

Health Hazard

Vapors may irritate upper respiratory tract and cause nausea, vomiting, dizziness and loss of consciousness. Liquid irritates eyes and may irritate skin.

Health Hazard

Isobutyl acetate is more toxic but less of anirritant than n-butyl acetate. The toxic symp toms include headache, drowsiness, irritationof upper respiratory tract, and anesthesia.A 4-hour exposure to 8000 ppm was lethalto rats. It produced mild to moderate irri tation on rabbits’ skin. The irritation ineyes was also mild to moderate. The LD50oral value in rabbit is within the range4800 mg/kg.

Fire Hazard

HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

Flammability and Explosibility

Not classified

Chemical Reactivity

Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: Softens and dissolves many types of plastics; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Taste at 10 ppm

Potential Exposure

n-Butyl acetate is an important solvent in the production of lacquers, leather and airplane dopes, and perfumes. It is used as a solvent and gasoline additive. sec-Butyl acetate is used as a widely used solvent for nitrocellulose, nail enamels and many different purposes. tert-Butyl acetate is common industrial solvent used in the making of lacquers, artificial leather, airplane dope, perfume; and as a food additive. Isobutyl acetate is used as a solvent and in perfumes and artificial flavoring materials

Source

A product of whiskey fermentation (quoted, Verschueren, 1983). Isobutyl acetate was identified as a volatile constituent released by fresh coffee beans (Coffea canephora variety Robusta) at different stages of ripeness (Mathieu et al., 1998).

Environmental Fate

Chemical/Physical. Slowly hydrolyzes in water forming 2-methylpropanol and acetic acid.
At an influent concentration of 1,000 mg/L, treatment with GAC resulted in an effluent concentration of 180 mg/L. The adsorbability of the carbon used was 164 mg/g carbon (Guisti et al., 1974).

Shipping

UN1123 Butyl acetates, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3—Flammable liquid.

Incompatibilities

All butyl acetates are incompatible with nitrates, strong oxidizers; strong alkalies; strong acids. Butyl acetates may form explosive mixture with air; reacts with water, on standing, to form acetic acid and n-butyl alcohol. Violent reaction with strong oxidizers and potassium-tert-butoxide. Dissolves rubber, many plastics, resins and some coatings. May accumulate static electrical charges, and may cause ignition of its vapors

Waste Disposal

Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must be observed.

Raw materials

Preparation Products