トレハロース 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
白色～ほとんど白色粉末～結晶
定義
本品は、次の化学式で表される二糖類である。
解説
トレハロース,ほかの異性体とともに合成もされている．"二水和物は融点97 ℃．[α]20D ＋178.3°(水)．無水物は融点203 ℃．[α]20D ＋197.1°(水)．たいていの酵母で発酵される．α,β-トレハロース(neotrehalose)はハチミツに含まれ，融点149 ℃．[α]D＋83.5°(水)．β,β-トレハロース(isotrehalose)は融点135～140 ℃．[α]D－40.2°(水)．
森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
製法
2分子のD-グルコースがその還元基間でグルコシド結合した非還元性二糖．結合様式によってα,α-，α,β-，β,β-トレハロースの3種類の異性体が存在する．α,α-トレハロースを単にトレハロースとよぶ場合もある．α,α-トレハロースはかび類酵母，地衣，多くの昆虫に広く分布している．とくに昆虫では，血リンパ中の主要血糖である．トレハラマンナLarinus spp.の寄生甲虫がつくる繭(まゆ)を75％ エタノールで熱時抽出し，抽出液を塩基性酢酸鉛で除タンパクして得るトレハロース．
化粧品の成分用途
保水剤、皮膚コンディショニング剤、香味剤
化学的特性
Trehalose occurs as virtually odorless, white or almost white
crystals with a sweet taste (approximately 45% of the sweetness of
sucrose).
使用
trehalose is a humectant and moisturizer, it helps bind water in the skin and increase the skin’s moisture content. It is a naturally occurring plant sugar.
定義
ChEBI: A trehalose in which both glucose residues have alpha-configuration at the anomeric carbon.
調製方法
Trehalose is prepared from liquefied starch by a multistep enzymatic
process. The commercial product is the dihydrate.
応用例（製薬）
Trehalose is used for the lyoprotection of therapeutic proteins,
particularly for parenteral administration. Other pharmaceutically
relevant applications include use as an excipient for diagnostic assay
tablets; for stabilization during the freeze–thaw and lyophilization
of liposomes; and for stabilization of blood cells,
cosmetics, and monoclonal antibodies. Trehalose may also be
used in formulations for topical application.
安全性
Trehalose is used in cosmetics, foods, and parenteral and
nonparenteral pharmaceutical formulations. It is generally regarded
as a relatively nontoxic and nonirritant material when used as an
excipient.
In the gut, trehalose is rapidly metabolized to glucose by the
specific enzyme trehalase. A small minority of the population
exhibits a primary (hereditary) or secondary (acquired) trehalase
deficiency and thus may experience intestinal discomfort after
ingestion of excessive amounts of trehalose owing to the osmotic
activity of undigested trehalose in the gut. However, smaller
amounts of trehalose are tolerated by such individuals without
any symptoms.
Trehalose is used as a sweetener and is reported to have
substantially less cariogenic potential than sucrose.
LD50 (dog, IV): >1 g/kg
LD50 (dog, oral): >5 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, IV): >1 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, oral): >5 g/kg
LD50 (rat, IV): >1 g/kg
LD50 (rat, oral): >5 g/kg
貯蔵
Trehalose is a relatively stable material. At 60°C for 5 hours it loses
not more than 1.5% w/w of water (the dihydrate water of crystallization is retained). Open stored powder may liquefy at high
relative humidity (≥90%).
Trehalose should be stored in a cool, dry place in a well-sealed
container.
不和合性
Trehalose is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, especially in
the presence of heat.
規制状況(Regulatory Status)
GRAS listed. In the UK trehalose may be used in certain food
applications. Included in parenteral and nonparenteral investigational
formulations.
トレハロース 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品