벤지딘 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산
물성
흰색 고체이며, 염기성 물질로 아세트산과 묽은 염산에 잘 녹고 발암성이있다.
용도
물감의 중간체, 화학 분석의 검출액 따위로 쓴다.
개요
Benzidine is a white, greyish-yellow, or slightly reddish crystalline solid or powder. The
major use for benzidine is in the production of dyes, especially azo dyes in the leather, textile,
and paper industries and as a synthetic precursor in the preparation and manufacture
of dyestuffs. It is also used in the manufacture of rubber, as a reagent, and as a stain in
microscopy. It is slightly soluble and slowly changes from a solid to a gas.
화학적 성질
Benzidine is a white, grayish-yellow, or slightly reddish crystalline solid or powder. The
major use for benzidine is in the production of dyes, especially azo dyes in the leather, textile, and paper industries, as a synthetic precursor in the preparation and manufacture of
dyestuffs. It is also used in the manufacture of dyes and rubber, as a reagent, and as a stain
in microscopy. It is slightly soluble and slowly changes from a solid to a gas.
물리적 성질
Grayish-yellow to pale reddish powder or crystals. Darkens on exposure to air or light. Odorless.
용도
Benzidine was used extensively in the manu facture of dyes. Because of its cancer-causingeffects in humans, its application in dyes hasbeen curtailed. Other uses of this compoundare in chemical analysis: as a reagent for thedetermination of hydrogen peroxide in milkand in the analysis of nicotine. Its hydrochlo ride is used as a reagent to analyze metalsand sulfate.
제조 방법
1-Nitrobenzene restore 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine?turn with acid rearrangement.
생산 방법
Benzidine production is now exclusively for captive consumption and must be carried out in closed systems under stringent workplace controls. Benzidine is used in the synthesisofdyesanddyeintermediates,asahardenerforrubber, and as a laboratory reagent. The ?rst successful synthetic direct dye was Congo Red, a diazo derivative prepared from benzidinebyBoettigerin1884.Nearlyalldirectdyesareazo products. Congo Red is used in humans intravenously for the medical diagnosis of amyloidosis. The basis for its use is an unexplained af?nity for amyloid, which rapidly removes the dye from the blood. It is used medically for the management of profuse capillary hemorrhage such as the one occurring in septicemias and in the terminal phases of leukemia.
정의
ChEBI: A member of the class of biphenyls that is 1,1'-biphenyl in which the hydrogen at the para-position of each phenyl group has been replaced by an amino group.
일반 설명
A grayish-yellow to grayish-red, crystalline solid. Toxic by ingestion, inhalation, and skin absorption. Combustion produces toxic oxides of nitrogen. Used to make other chemicals and in chemical and biological analysis.
공기와 물의 반응
Darkens on exposure to air and light. Soluble in hot water.
반응 프로필
Benzidine forms insoluble salts with sulfuric acid. Can be diazotized, acetylated and alkylated. Is hypergolic with red fuming nitric acid . Neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.
위험도
Highly toxic by ingestion, inhalation, and
skin absorption. Confirmed carcinogen.
건강위험
Exposure to benzidine causes irritation to the eyes. Laboratory animals exposed to benzidine at as low as 0.01% to 0.08% in food showed adverse health effects, such as organ
weight decrease in the liver, kidney, and body weight, and an increase in spleen weight,
swelling of the liver, and blood in the urine. Exposure may cause an increase in urination, blood in the urine, and urinary tract tumors. Benzidine is considered acutely toxic
to humans by ingestion, with an estimated oral lethal dose of between 50 and 500 mg/kg.
The symptoms of acute ingestion exposure include cyanosis, headache, mental confusion,
nausea, and vertigo. Dermal exposure may cause skin rashes and irritation. Prolonged
exposure to benzidine causes bladder injury in humans
Safety Profile
Confirmed human
carcinogen producing bladder tumors.
Experimental carcinogenic and tumorigenic
data. Poison by ingestion and intraperitoneal
routes. Human mutation data reported. Can
cause damage to blood, including hemolysis
and bone marrow depression. On ingestion
causes nausea and vomiting, which may be
followed by liver and kidney damage. Any
exposure is considered extremely hazardous.
When heated to decomposition it emits
highly toxic fumes of NOx. See also
AROMATIC AMINES.
Carcinogenicity
Benzidine is known to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in humans.
환경귀착
Biological. In activated sludge, <0.1% mineralized to carbon dioxide after 5 d (Freitag et al.,
1985). Kincannon and Lin (1985) reported a half-life of 76 d when benzidine in sludge was
applied to a sandy loam soil.
Soil. Benzidine was added to different soils and incubated in the dark at 23 °C under a carbon
dioxide-free atmosphere. After 1 yr, 8.3 to 11.6% of the added benzidine degraded to carbon
dioxide primarily by microbial metabolism and partially by hydrolysis (Graveel et al., 1986).
Tentatively identified biooxidation compounds using GC/MS include hydroxybenzidine, 3-
hydroxybenzidine, 4-amino-4′-nitrobiphenyl, N,N′-dihydroxybenzidine, 3,3′-dihydroxybenzidine
and 4,4′-dinitrobiphenyl (Baird et al., 1977). Under aerobic conditions, the half-life was estimated
to be 2 to 8 d (Lu et al., 1977).
Chemical/Physical. Benzidine is not subject to hydrolysis (Kollig, 1993). Reacts with HCl
forming a salt (C12H12N2?2HCl) that is very soluble in water (61.7 mg/L at 25 °C) (Bowman et al.,
1976).
저장
Benzidine should be kept stored in a cool, well-ventilated area, in closed, sealed containers
and out of sunlight and away from heat.
운송 방법
UN1885 Benzidine, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels:
6.1—Poisonous materials. PGII.
Purification Methods
Its solution in *benzene is decolorized by percolating through two 2-cm columns of activated alumina, then concentrated until benzidine crystallises on cooling. Recrystallise alternately from EtOH and *benzene to constant absorption spectrum [Carlin et al. J Am Chem Soc 73 1002 1951]. It has also been crystallised from hot water (charcoal) and from diethyl ether. Dry it under vacuum in an Abderhalden pistol. Store it in the dark in a stoppered container. CARCINOGENIC. [Beilstein 13 IV 364.]
비 호환성
Dust may form explosive mixture with
air. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides,
permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine,
etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. On
contact with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides may
form flammable gases. Keep away from alkaline materials,
strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Contact with
red fuming nitric acid may cause fire. Oxidizes in air.
Neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus
water. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated
organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides,
and acid halides.
폐기물 처리
Incineration; oxides of nitrogen
are removed from the effluent gas by scrubber, catalytic
or thermal device. Package spill residues and
sorbent media in 17 hour epoxy-lined drums and move to
an EPA-approved disposal site. Treatment may include
destruction by potassium permanganate oxidation, hightemperature
incineration, or microwave plasma methods.
398 Benzidine
Encapsulation by organic polyester resin or silicate fixation.
These disposal procedures should be confirmed with
responsible environmental engineering and regulatory
officials.
주의 사항
At high temperatures, benzidine breaks down and releases highly poisonous fumes.
During use and handling, workers should wear butyl rubber gloves, goggles, and full
body plastic coveralls and ensure that no skin is exposed.
벤지딘 준비 용품 및 원자재
원자재
준비 용품
C.I. 산성 레드 114
3,3'-다이아미노벤지딘
ACID ORANGE 63
디렉트 블랙 38
콩고레드
ACID RED 97 (C.I. 22890)
디렉트 블루 6
C. I. Pigment Red 62
Acid Yellow 44
Direct Black BH
Acid Yellow 42
Acid Red 111
N,N'-BISBENZYLIDENEBENZIDINE
4,4′-디요오드비페닐
3,3'-DINITROBENZIDINE
4,4'-BIPHENYLDICARBONYL CHLORIDE
2,7-디아미노플루오렌
N,N'-[1,1'-Biphenyl-4,4'-diylbis(azo)bis(5-hydroxy-7-sodiosulfonaphthalene-6,2-diyl)]bis(glycine sodium) salt
4-Amino-6-[[4'-[(7-amino-1-hydroxy-3-sulfo-2-naphtyl)azo]-1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl]azo]-5-hydroxy-3-[(4-nitrophenyl)azo]-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid trisodium salt
5-Amino-4-hydroxy-3-[[4'-[(2-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl)azo]-1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl]azo]naphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid disodium salt
4-Amino-3-[(2,5-dichlorophenyl)azo]-6-[[4'-[(3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)azo]-1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl]azo]-5-hydroxy-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid disodium salt
