질산리튬 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산
화학적 성질
Lithium nitrate is a colorless deliquescent powder, enthalpy of fusion 24.90 kJ/mol; can be prepared by reaction of HNO3 with LiOH or Li2CO3, followed by evaporation to dryness and then heating at ~200°C in vacuum; used in ceramics, pyrotechnics, molten salt baths, rocket propellants, refrigerators. [HAW93] [CRC10] [MER06] [KIR81] [FMC93]
용도
Lithium nitrate can be used in special pyrotechnic devices to give a red flame. Lithium nitrate may also be used in combination with other salts, particularly nitrates, to produce low-melting fused salt mixtures.
Used in ceramics, heat-exchange media, refrigeration systems.
정의
ChEBI: The inorganic nitrate salt of lithium.
제조 방법
Lithium nitrate is readily prepared industrially or in the laboratory by the reaction of
lithium hydroxide or lithium carbonate with nitric acid. The resulting solution is evaporated
and the solid is dried to obtain anhydrous lithium nitrate. Lithium nitrate is very soluble in
water. The compound absorbs moisture from the air. Below about 30 °C it crystallizes
from solution as lithium nitrate trihydrate; above that temperature the anhydrous material
precipitates although the question of the existence of a half-hydrate is not entirely settled.
일반 설명
A white to light yellow colored crystalline solid. Denser than water. Contact with the material may cause irritation to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. May be toxic by ingestion. May cause the acceleration of the burning of combustible materials. Prolonged exposure to heat or flames may result in an explosion.
공기와 물의 반응
Deliquescent. Soluble in water.
반응 프로필
Lithium nitrate is an oxidizing agent. Mixtures with alkyl esters may explode owing to the formation of alkyl nitrates; mixtures with phosphorus, tin(II) chloride, or other reducing agents may react explosively [Bretherick 1979. p. 108-109].
건강위험
Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.
화재위험
These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May explode from heat or contamination. Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.
잠재적 노출
Lithium nitrate is used in ceramics,
pyrotechnics, salt baths; refrigeration systems; and rocket
propellants
운송 방법
UN2722 Lithium nitrate, Hazard Class: 5.1;
Labels: 5.1-Oxidizer
Purification Methods
It crystallises from water or EtOH. Dry it at 180o for several days by repeated melting under vacuum. If it is crystallised from water keeping the temperature above 70o, formation of trihydrate is avoided. The anhydrous salt is dried at 120o and stored in a vacuum desiccator over CaSO4. After the 99% pure salt was recrystallised 3times, it contained: metal (ppm) Ca (1.6), K (1.1), Mo (0.4), Na (2.2). [Donnan & Burt J Chem Soc 83 335 1903.]
비 호환성
May explode when exposed to sparks,
shock and heat. Violent reactions with combustible materials;
oxidizers, organic materials; reducing agents; strong acids
질산리튬 준비 용품 및 원자재
원자재
준비 용품
