모르폴린

모르폴린 속성

모르폴린 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

용도

제품은실험실및 연구용 시약외의 용도로는사용할 수없음.

안전성

피부 부식성/피부 자극성 – 구분 1 H314 피부에 심한 화상과 눈 손상을 일으킴.
심한 눈 손상성/눈 자극성 – 구분 1 H318 눈에 심한 손상을 일으킴.

화학적 성질

Morpholine is a colorless to yellow liquid with a weak ammonia or fish-like odor. The odor threshold is 0.01 ppm. The reactivity of morpholine is mainly due to its secondary amine group. It readily undergoes organic condensations, alkylations, and arylations, resulting in the formation of various N-substituted morpholine compounds. Ethers are relatively chemically inert, hence the oxygen is of relatively little consequence except as a member of the heterocyclic ring (Texaco Chemical Co. 1982).

물리적 성질

Colorless, mobile, oily, hygroscopic, flammable liquid with a weak ammonia-like odor. Experimentally determined detection and recognition odor threshold concentrations were 40 μg/m³ (11 ppb_v) and 25 μg/m³ (70 ppb_v), respectively (Hellman and Small, 1974). Forms explosive vapors at temperatures >35 °C.

용도

Morpholine is made by dehydrating ethanolamines. Its main use is as a rubber accelerator in manufacturing tires. This process requires high temperature (300°F) and pressure, which increase the hazards. Morpholine is also used as a boiler water additive, brightener for detergents, and corrosion inhibitor, in the preservation of book paper, in waxes and polishes, and in organic synthesis.

생산 방법

Morpholine is produced by reacting diethylene glycol, ammonia, and a small amount of hydrogen over a hydrogenation catalyst at 150-400°C and 30-400 atmospheres with the morpholine being recovered by fractional distillation. Various byproducts include 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol and Af-alkylmorpholines (NRC 1981).

일반 설명

An aqueous solution with a fishlike odor. Corrosive to tissue and moderately toxic by ingestion and inhalation.

공기와 물의 반응

Highly flammable. Water soluble.

반응 프로필

MORPHOLINE dissolved in water neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.

위험도

Flammable, moderate fire risk. Toxic byingestion and inhalation, irritant to skin, absorbedby skin. Eye damage and upper respiratory tractirritant. Questionable carcinogen.

건강위험

May cause toxic effects if inhaled or ingested/swallowed. Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. Morpholine is readily absorbed through the skin; it causes nasal irritation when inhaled, with coughing, bronchial irritation, and pulmonary edema at increasingly higher concentrations. Upon ingestion, it causes hemorrhage in the gastrointestinal tract, with possible diarrhea; liver and kidney damage may occur if sufficient amounts are ingested or inhaled. Morpholine itself is not a carcinogen on the basis of available data.

화재위험

Flammable/combustible material. May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

공업 용도

The total industrial consumption of morpholine is 11,000 metric tons/year. The largest usage for morpholine (33%) is in the rubber industry as an intermediate in the production of delayed-action accelerators for the polymerization of rubber, as stabilizers against heat-aging effects, and as bloom inhibitors in butyl rubber vulcanization. A second large proportion (25%) of morpholine production is used as an inhibitor to combat carbonic acid corrosion in condensate return lines of steam boiler systems. Morpholine is an intermediate in the manufacture of optical brighteners utilized by the soap and detergent industry. Morpholine reacts readily with fatty acids, forming soaps used in the formulation of self-polishing waxes and polishes and in coatings for the food industry. N-methyl morpholine and TV-ethyl morpholine are used as catalysts in the manufacture of polyurethane foams. Morpholine derivatives are utilized in pharmaceutical applications, as bactericides, fungicides, and herbicides, and as separating agents for oils. Other derivatives are utilized in the textile and printing industry as adjuvants, whitening agents, stabilizers, ink eradicators, and paper conditioners (Mjos 1978; NRC 1981; Texaco Chemical Co. 1982).

Safety Profile

Moderately toxic by ingestion, inhalation, skin contact, and intraperitoneal routes. Mutation data reported. A corrosive irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Can cause kidney damage. Questionable carcinogen with experimental neoplastigenic data. Flammable liquid. A very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to flame, heat, or oxidizers; can react with oxidizing materials. To fight fire, use alcohol foam, CO2, dry chemical. Mixtures with nitromethane are explosive. May ignite spontaneously in contact with cellulose nitrate of high surface area. When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of NOx.

Toxicology

Common signs of toxicity following repeated dosing are local irritation and inflammations of the stomach, respiratory tract, and eyes, as well as systemic effects primarily on the liver and kidneys. In rats, exposure to 250 mL/m3 (890 mg kg-1 d-1, 6 h/d, 5 d/week, 90 d)  and to up to 150 mL/m3 (543 mg/m3, 6 h/d, 5 d/week, 104 weeks) produced focal erosions and squamous-cell metaplasia of the nasal cavities and turbinates and ocular irritation, but no hematological or organ effects; at 90 mg/m3 (25 mL/m3, subchronic) and 36 mg/m3 (10 mL/m3, chronic), no treatment-related effects at all were identified. These data may be taken as NOAELs, although one earlier Russian publication claimed that some adverse effects were conspicuous on the spleen and in the red and white blood counts in rats and guinea pigs after four-month inhalation of 70 mg/m3 and less.

잠재적 노출

Morpholine is used as a separating agent for volatile amines; an intermediate for textile lubricants; in the synthesis of rubber accelerators and pharmaceuticals. It is also used as a solvent; as a boiler water additive; and in the formulation of waxes, polishers and cleaners.

Carcinogenicity

Morpholine did not produce an increase in tumors in rats that inhaled from 10 to 150 ppm for 2 years. No tumors were seen in rats fed 5000 ppm morpholine for 8 weeks and observed for their lifetime. Morpholine fed concurrently with sodium nitrate increased the numbers of hepatocellular carcinomas and sarcomas of the liver and lungs of rats and mice, probably mediated through the formation of N-nitrosomorpholine. The authors concluded that morpholine itself was either weakly carcinogenic or that a nitrate from an unknown source was present. No cancers were produced when 6330 ppm morpholine was added to the drinking water of mice for their lifetimes. Concurrent exposure of morpholine plus nitrite or nitrogen dioxide increased the tumor incidence in a variety of species. In a feeding study where morpholine (0.5% in diet) and sodium nitrate were given concurrently for 23 weeks, rats showed no evidence of cancer.

환경귀착

Biological. Heukelekian and Rand (1955) reported a 5-d BOD value of 0.0 g/g which is 0.0% of the ThOD value of 1.84 g/g.
Poupin et al. (1998) isolated a Mycobacterium strain RP1 from a contaminated activated sludge that utilized morpholine as the sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy. The investigators proposed the following degradation pathway: 2-hydroxymorpholine → (2-(2-aminoethoxy)acetaldehyde → 2-(2-aminoethoxy)acetate → glycolate and ethanolamine.
Chemical/Physical. In an aqueous solution, chloramine reacted with morpholine to form Nchloromorpholine (Isaac and Morris, 1983). The aqueous reaction of nitrogen dioxide (1–99 ppm) and morpholine yielded N-nitromorpholine (Cooney et al., 1987).
Slowly decomposes in the absence of oxygen.

신진 대사

Early reports indicated that morpholine was excreted unchanged after administration to rats (Tanaka et al 1978), dogs (Rhodes and Case 1977), and rabbits (Van Stee et al 1981). Sohn et al (1982b, 1982c) reported that approximately 80% of a radioactive dose was excreted in the urine within 24 h when administered intraperitoneally to rats, hamsters, and guinea pigs. Although 99% of the excreted dose was unmetabolized in the rat and hamster, 20% of the dose appeared in the urine of guinea pigs as N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide. N-Hydroxymorpholine and N-methylmorpholine were also detected in extracts of guinea pig tissues. Studies of the metabolism of morpholine-containing pharmaceutical agents in humans and animals indicate that the morpholine moiety may be hydroxylated or oxidized at C2 and C3, with subsequent ring cleavage (Oelschlager and Al Shaik 1985).

운송 방법

UN2054 Morpholine, Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material, 3-Flammable liquid.

Purification Methods

Dry morpholine with KOH, fractionally distil it, then reflux it with Na, and again fractionally distil it. Dermer & Dermer [J Am Chem Soc 59 1148 1937] precipitated it as the oxalate by adding slowly to slightly more than 1 molar equivalent of oxalic acid in EtOH. The precipitate is filtered off and recrystallised twice from 60% EtOH [1:1 salt has m 190-195o(dec)]. Addition of the oxalate to concentrated aqueous NaOH regenerated the base, which is separated and dried with solid KOH, then sodium, before being fractionally distilled. The hydrochloride has m 178-179o (from MeOH/Et2O), and the picrate has m 151.6o (from aqueous EtOH). [Beilstein 27 II 3, 27 III/IV 15.]

비 호환성

Strong acids, strong oxidizers; metals, nitro compounds. Corrosive to metals; attacks copper and its compounds.

폐기물 처리

Controlled incineration (incinerator equipped with a scrubber or thermal unit to reduce nitrogen oxides emissions).

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모르폴린 공급 업체

공급자	전화	이메일	국가	제품 수	이점
Xiamen AmoyChem Co., Ltd	+86-592-6051114 +8618959220845	sales@amoychem.com	China	6387	58
Dideu Industries Group Limited	+86-29-89586680 +86-15129568250	1026@dideu.com	China	29220	58
Hebei Guanlang Biotechnology Co,.LTD	+8619930503252	daisy@crovellbio.com	China	5964	58
Hefei TNJ Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.	0551-65418684 +8618949823763	sales@tnjchem.com	China	25363	58
Jinan Chengyuan Chemical Co. , Ltd.	+86-0531-88274992 +8615552568189	2408152070@qq.com	China	10	58
Hebei Dangtong Import and export Co LTD	+8615632927689	admin@hbdangtong.com	China	991	58
Hebei Mojin Biotechnology Co., Ltd	+8613288715578	sales@hbmojin.com	China	12456	58
Capot Chemical Co.,Ltd.	571-85586718 +8613336195806	sales@capotchem.com	China	29797	60
Henan Tianfu Chemical Co.,Ltd.	+86-0371-55170693 +86-19937530512	info@tianfuchem.com	China	21691	55
Shanghai Time Chemicals CO., Ltd.	+86-021-57951555 +8617317452075	jack.li@time-chemicals.com	China	1807	55

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