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| 融点 | 950 °C(lit.) | | 比重(密度) | 1.86 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.) | | 貯蔵温度 | Refrigerator (+4°C) | | 溶解性 | H2O: 0.1 g/mL, clear, colorless | | 外見 | flakes | | 比重 | 1.856 | | 色 | Yellow | | 水溶解度 | 186 g/L (20 ºC) | | Sensitive | Hygroscopic | | Crystal Structure | Reverse CaF2 type | | 晶系 | Cube | | Merck | 14,8681 | | 空间群 | Fm3m | | 晶格常数 | | a/nm | b/nm | c/nm | α/o | β/o | γ/o | V/nm3 | | 0.654 | 0.654 | 0.654 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 0.2797 |
| | Dielectric constant | 5.0（Ambient） | | 安定性： | Spontaneously flammable. Incompatible with acids, metals, oxidizing agents. Contact with acid liberates toxic gas. Fine dust/air mixtures are explosive. Hygroscopic. | | InChIKey | CXPWOVUZRAFMDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N | | CAS データベース | 1313-82-2(CAS DataBase Reference) | | NISTの化学物質情報 | Sodium sulfide(1313-82-2) | | EPAの化学物質情報 | Sodium sulfide (1313-82-2) |
| | 硫化ナトリウム Usage And Synthesis |
| 性質 | 硫化ナトリウムには潮解性があり、水によく溶解します。無水物を水に溶かすと発熱します。アルコールに溶けますが、エーテルには溶けません。
硫化ナトリウムの無水物の融点は950°Cです。九水和物は50°Cで融解し、強熱すると分解します。五水和物の融点は100°Cです。
共役酸は水硫化ナトリウム (SH-) で、 水溶液の大部分が硫化水素ナトリウムとして存在しています。酸との反応では硫化水素を、燃焼では二酸化硫黄を発生させます。
| | 溶解性 | 水に溶けやすい。 | | 解説 | 無水物は無色の立方晶系．密度1.86 g cm－3．融点950 ℃．空気中で酸化されてチオ硫酸ナトリウムを生じ，また水分と二酸化炭素を吸収して炭酸ナトリウムと硫化水素を生じる．九水和物は無色の正方晶系柱状晶．密度1.43 g cm－3．50 ℃ で融解し，強熱すると分解する．潮解性で，無水物，水和物ともに水によく溶け，強アルカリ性を示し，酸に溶けて硫化水素を発生する(二酸化炭素を含む水(炭酸水)によっても分解される)．エタノールに難溶，エーテルに不溶．硫黄を溶解して多硫化ナトリウム(Na2Sn，n ＝ 2，3，4，5)を生じる．
| | 用途 | PPS樹脂原料、有機合成化学用皮革脱毛剤、硫化染色助剤、硫化染料原料、化繊脱硫。 | | 構造 | 硫化ナトリウムの無水物は、立方晶系の逆蛍石型構造を取っています。格子定数は a = 652.6 pmで、密度が1.86g/cm3です。CaF2骨格のF-の位置をNa+が占有し、より大きいS2-が Ca2+の位置を占有しています。
九水和物は無色の正方晶系柱状晶であり、式量は240.18g/molで、密度は1.43g/cm3です。五水和物の密度は1.58g/cm3です。
| | 合成 | 硫化ナトリウムの合成法
水酸化ナトリウムを硫化水素ナトリウムに加えて冷所に放置すると、硫化ナトリウムの九水和物が得られます。水酸化ナトリウム水溶液に硫化水素を飽和させると、硫化水素ナトリウムを生成可能です。
硫化ナトリウムの九水和物を水素気流中で加熱すると、無水物に変わります。計算量の硫黄とナトリウムが直接反応しても無水物を合成可能です。
工業的に硫化ナトリウムは、空気を無水硫酸ナトリウムで遮断し、およそ1,000°Cの反射炉でコークスによって還元すると製造できます。
| | 製造 | 水酸化ナトリウムの水溶液に硫化水素を飽和させて得られる硫化水素ナトリウムに，水酸化ナトリウムを加え，冷所に放置すると九水和物が得られる．水和物を水素気流中で熱すると無水物となる硫化ナトリウム． | | 使用上の注意 | 不活性ガス封入 | | 化学的特性 | Sodium sulfide,Na2S, also known as sodium sulfuret,is an irritating, water-soluble, yellowish to reddish, deliquescent powder that melts at 1180°C (2156 °F). Sodium sulfide is used as a chemical intermediate and solvent,in conversion of wood into paper pulp, as a photographic and analytical reagent,as a source of sulfide,as a reducing agent,in organic reactions, as a depilatory, and in sheep dips. | | 物理的性質 | White cubic crystal; hygroscopic; density 1.856 g/cm3; melts at 1,172°C; soluble in water 18.6 g/100mL at 20°C and 39 g/100mL at 50°C; aqueous solutions strongly alkaline; slightly soluble in alcohol; insoluble in ether.
The pentahydrate consists of flat, shiny prismatic crystals; density 1.58 g/cm3; loses three water molecules at 100°C; melts at 120°C losing all water molecules; soluble in water and alcohol; aqueous solutions strongly alkaline; insoluble in ether.
The nonahydrate is a yellowish-white crystalline solid; tetragonal crystals; odor of hydrogen sulfide; the color changes on exposure to light and air, first turning to yellow and then becoming brownish-black, deliquescent; density 1.43 g/cm3; decomposes at about 50°C; very soluble in water; aqueous solution strongly alkaline; slightly soluble in alcohol; insoluble in ether. | | 使用 | Sodium sulfide (Na2S) is used in the dye industry, in the oxidation process of gold, lead, and
cooper metal ores, as a sheep dip, and to process paper. | | 使用 | It is used for H2S therapy, to study its effect on the prevention of diabetes in animals. | | 使用 | used in sulfur dyes, used as reductant, mordant, floatation agent, depilatory for leather, digestion auxiliary in paper-making, and used in textile, pigment and rubber | | 使用 | These yellow flakes were made by fusing sodium carbonate with
sulfur. Soluble in water but less so in alcohol, sodium sulfide
was lovingly called “stink” by those who used it for toning
prints or intensifying negatives because of its sulfurous smell. | | 定義 | ChEBI: A sulfide salt with formula Na2S. The pentahydrate and (particularly) the nonahydrate are also known. In gel form, sodium sulfide is used to soften toenails to assist in trimming (and so relive pain) of ingrowing toenails. | | 定義 | A yellow-red solid, Na2S, formed by the reduction of sodium sulphate with carbon (coke) at elevated temperatures. It is a corrosive and readily oxidized material of variable composition and usually contains polysulphides of the type Na2S2, Na2S3, and Na2S4, which cause the variety of colours. It is known in an anhydrous form (r.d. 1.85; m.p. 1180°C) and as a nonahydrate, Na2S·9H2O (r.d. 1.43; decomposes at 920°C). Other hydrates of sodium sulphide have been reported. The compound is deliquescent, soluble in water with extensive hydrolysis, and slightly soluble in alcohol. It is used in wood pulping, dyestuffs manufacture, and metallurgy on account of its reducing properties. It has also been used for the production of sodium thiosulphate (for the photographic industry) and as a depilatory agent in leather preparation. It is a strong skin irritant. | | 製造方法 | Sodium sulfide is prepared by heating sodium bisulfate with sodium chloride and coal above 950°C. The product mixture is extracted with water and the hydrated sulfide is obtained from the solution by crystallization: NaHSO4 + NaCl + 2C → Na2S + 2CO2↑ + HCl↑
Sodium sulfide also is produced from its elements in liquid ammonia: Na + 2S → Na2S. | | 一般的な説明 | Sodium sulfide is a yellow to brick red crystalline mass or fused solid with an odor of rotten eggs. If exposed to moist air Sodium sulfide is liable to spontaneous heating and may cause ignition of nearby combustible material. Sodium sulfide absorbs moisture from the air. | | 空気と水の反応 | Aqueous solutions of sodium sulfide when exposed to air slowly convert to sodium hydroxide and sodium thiosulfate. The crystalline form upon exposure to air forms hydrogen sulfide and sodium carbonate [Merck 11th ed. 1989]. | | 反応プロフィール | SODIUM SULFIDE is a white to yellow crystalline material, flammable. Can explode on rapid heating or when shocked. Violent reaction with carbon, charcoal, diazonium salts, N,N-dichloromethylamine, strong oxidizers, water. On contact with acids Sodium sulfide liberates highly toxic and flammable hydrogen sulfide gas. When heated to decomposition Sodium sulfide emits toxic fumes of sodium oxide, and oxides of sulfur [Bretherick, 5th ed., 1995, p. 1729]. | | 危険性 | Flammable, dangerous fire and explosion
risk. Strong irritant to skin and tissue, liberates toxic
hydrogen sulfide on contact with acids. | | 健康ハザード | Caustic action on skin and eyes. If ingested may liberate hydrogen sulfide in stomach. | | 火災危険 | Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Irritating sulfur dioxide is produced in fire. | | 燃焼性と爆発性 | Non flammable | | 使用用途 | 硫化ナトリウムは、医薬品、食品添加物、工業用、試薬など、幅広く利用されています。
工業用途の具体例として、ビスコース人絹、皮革の脱毛、スフの脱硫用、硫化染色助剤、PPS樹脂原料、有機硫化物の製造原料、の浮遊選鉱剤、排水中の重金属の除去などが挙げられます。また、やパルプの製造にも利用可能です。さらに、乾燥剤や浴用剤のような、身近な製品にも使用されています。
医薬品用途では、主にフェナセチンなどの解熱剤の製造に用いられます。
| | 工業用途 | In non-metallic flotation, sodium sulfide is also used as a depressant and for collector
desorption, in particular, fatty acids from monazite, pyrochlore, zircon and microcline.
As a depressant for quartz, sodium sulfide is an excellent depressant for iron-activated
quartz as well as non-activated quartz. | | 工業用途 | Sodium sulfide (Na2S·9H2O) is a hygroscopic substance with a specific gravity of 1.864
and a melting temperature of 1180 °C. The reagent is soluble in water. The aqueous solution
of sodium sulfide has a highly alkaline reaction resulting from its hydrolysis:
Na2S + H2O ? NaOH + NaHS | | 安全性プロファイル | A poison by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. Flammable when exposed to heat or flame. Unstable and can explode on rapid heating or percussion. Reacts violently with carbon, diazonium salts, n,n-dichloromethylamine, onitroaniline diazonium salt, water. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of SOx and Na2O. See also SULFIDES | | 特徴 | 四硫化ナトリウムの特徴
四硫化ナトリウムの化学式はNa2S4です。黄色の等軸晶系で、融点は275°Cです。水やエタノールによく溶け、水溶液が空気に触れると硫黄が遊離します。皮膚を腐食し、有害です。
四硫化ナトリウムは、分析試薬、脱硫剤、写真用試薬などに使用されます。ほかにも、有機ニトロ化合物の還元剤、パルプの蒸解剤、皮なめし用の脱毛剤、硫化染料の製造、半導体の製造、ナトリウム-硫黄電池の電解質、汚染重金属の硫化剤に利用可能です。
参考文献
| | 純化方法 | Some purification of the hydrated salt can be achieved by selecting large crystals and removing the surface layer (contaminated with oxidation products) by washing with distilled water. Other metal ions can be removed from Na2S solutions by passage through a column of Dowex ion-exchange A-1 resin, Na+-form. The hydrated salt can be rendered anhydrous by heating it in a stream of H2 or N2 until water is no longer evolved. (The resulting cake should not be heated to fusion because it is readily oxidised.) Recrystallise it from distilled water [Anderson & Azowlay J Chem Soc, Dalton Trans 469 1986]. Note that sodium sulfide hydrolyses in H2O to form NaHS + H2O, and is therefore alkaline. A 0.1N solution in H2O is 86% hydrolysed at room temperature. Its solubility in H2O is 8% at 0o, 12% at 20o and 30% at 50o. The anhydrous salt is obtained by allowing it to stand in a vacuum over conc H2SO4 or P2O5 at 45o to start with, then at 30-35o when the salt contains 4% of water. The last traces of water are removed by heating to 700o in a glass or porcelain tube in a stream of H2 to give pure H2S. [Fehér in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I pp 358-360 1963.] | | 参考文献 | E. Zintl, A. Harder, B. Dauth, Z. Elektrochem., 40, 588 (1934). |
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