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| 化学名: | ようかすいそ | | 英語化学名: | Hydriodic acid | | 别名: | HYDRIODIC ACID(AMPULE);Hydriodic acid 57 wt. % in H2O, distilled, stabilized, 99.95%;Hydriodic acid 57 wt. %, distilled, 99.999% trace metals basis;Hydriodic acid contains <=1.5% hypophosphorous acid as stabilizer, ACS reagent, >=47.0%;Hydriodic acid contains No stabilizer, ACS reagent, 55%;Hydriodic acid contains No stabilizer, distilled, 57 wt. % in H2O, 99.99% trace metals basis;Hydriodic acid puriss. p.a., >=67% (T);Hydriodic acid4x500ml | | CAS番号: | 10034-85-2 | | 分子式: | HI | | 分子量: | 127.91 | | EINECS: | 233-109-9 | | カテゴリ情報: | Pesticide intermediates | | Mol File: | 10034-85-2.mol |  |
| 融点 | -50.8° | | 沸点 | 127 °C(lit.) | | 比重(密度) | 1.96 g/mL at 20 °C | | 蒸気圧 | 721.8kPa at 20℃ | | 闪点 | 126-127°C | | 貯蔵温度 | 2-8°C | | 溶解性 | very soluble in H2O; soluble in organic solvents | | 酸解離定数(Pka) | -10(at 25℃) | | 外見 | colorless or yellow gas | | 色 | Colorless to brown | | 臭い (Odor) | Pungent odor | | 酸塩基指示薬変色域(pH) | 1 | | PH | 3.01(1 mM solution);2.04(10 mM solution);1.08(100 mM solution) | | 水溶解度 | soluble | | Sensitive | Hygroscopic | | Merck | 14,4776 | | 暴露限界値 | ACGIH: TWA 0.01 ppm | | Dielectric constant | 3.4（-50℃） | | 安定性： | Stable. Incompatible with bases, amines. Corrodes steel. May discolour on exposure to air and light. | | CAS データベース | 10034-85-2(CAS DataBase Reference) | | NISTの化学物質情報 | Hydrogen iodide(10034-85-2) | | EPAの化学物質情報 | Hydriodic acid (10034-85-2) |
| | ようかすいそ Usage And Synthesis |
| 外観 | 無色～褐色, 澄明の液体 | | 性質 | ヨウ化水素の融点は−50.8°C、沸点は−35.1°Cです。常温では無色で刺激臭のある気体です。還元力が強いため、空気中の酸素によって容易に酸化して、赤紫色のヨウ素を生じます。ヨウ化水素の酸化では、こげ茶色のHI3も生成され、ヨウ化水素の熟成溶液がこげ茶色に見える場合もよくあります。
水に非常によく溶け、塩化水素や臭化水素と同じく、水に対する溶解熱は非常に大きいです。イオン半径は大きいヨウ化物イオンと水素イオンの静電気力は小さく、電離しやすいため、水溶液は強い酸性を示し、pKaは−10です。
| | 溶解性 | 水及びエタノールと混和する。 | | 解説 | ようかすいそ，無色，刺激性のある発煙性の気体で，液体は淡黄色を呈する。融点は－50.8℃，沸点－35.1℃，臨界温度150.8℃。気体の密度は5.66g/cm3(0℃，1気圧)で，空気の4.77倍。液体の密度は2.799g/cm3(－35.4℃)。気体におけるHI分子のH―I結合距離は1.609Å。双極子モーメントは0.38D(Dは双極子モーメントの単位デバイの略で，1D＝3.336×10－30C･m)で，H－I結合のイオン性は5％。 株式会社平凡社 世界大百科事典 第２版について 情報
| | 用途 | 汎用試薬。還元剤。 | | 用途 | 医薬中間原料、試薬、殺虫剤 | | 用途 | 分析用試薬,医薬原料(化学工業日報社) | | 構造 | ヨウ素から構成されるハロゲン化水素の1種です。分子量は 127.90g/molであり、-47°Cでの密度は2.85g/mLです。化学式はHIで表されます。
水素とヨウ素の電気陰性度にはほとんど差がないため、分子の極性は小さいです。水素原子とヨウ素原子の距離は160.9pmです。
| | 応用 | ヒドロヨウ酸はそのユニークな化学的性質のために幅広い応用があります一つの重要な用途は有機合成化学における酸化剤としての使用です特定の化学反応ではヒドロヨウ酸を使用することで効率的に目的の化合物へと導くことができますまたこの化合物は抗菌剤としての潜在的な応用も研究されていますその強力な酸化能力により細菌やウイルスの成長を阻害する可能性があります | | 合成法 | 工業的に、ヨウ素とヒドラジンの反応によって窒素ガスが発生し、ヨウ化水素が得られます。水中での反応の場合には、ヨウ化水素を蒸留する必要があります。
ヨウ化物にを加えて加熱しても、ヨウ化水素を合成可能です。ヨウ素水溶液に硫化水素ガスを吹き込んで、ヨウ化水素酸と硫黄を生成する方法もあります。
実験室では、水とヨウ素の混合物にを加えて、PI3の加水分解によって生成可能です。この反応では、I2とリンの反応によりPI3が生じ、水と反応するとヨウ化水素と亜リン酸が生成されます。 | | 化学的特性 | ヒドロヨウ酸化学式ではH3IO2と表されるは特異な化学物質でありその性質と用途は科学や工業の多岐にわたる分野で注目されていますこの化合物は水溶性であり特定の条件下でヨウ素と水酸化物イオンOH–から生成されますヒドロヨウ酸は酸化数1のヨウ素を含んでおりヨウ素の化合物の中では比較的珍しい例の一つです | | 説明 | ‘Iodine’ is derived from iodes, a Greek word meaning violet. It is
a member of the halide family and hydrogen iodide is
considered a strong acid. | | 化学的特性 | Hydrogen iodide is a colourless to yellow/brown with an acrid odour non-flammable gas. Hydrogen iodide is incompatible with water and other halides. Hydrogen iodide, upon contact with moisture in air, releases dense vapours. Hydrogen iodide reacts with water to form corrosive acids and reacts violently with alkalis. Most metals corrode rapidly on contact with wet hydrogen iodide, and prolonged exposure of hydrogen iodide to fire or intense heat has been reported to cause the container to rupture and rocket. | | 物理的性質 | This is a strong acid, made by dissolving HI gas in
water. However, hydrogen iodide and hydroiodic acid
differ in that the former is a gas under standard conditions
whereas the other is an aqueous solution of said
gas. They are noninterconvertible. That is, once the
acid is formed with water, it cannot be recovered like
HCl or HBr. Hydroiodic acid is used in organic and inorganic
synthesis as one of the primary sources of iodine
and as a reducing agent.
With moist air, HI gas gives a mist (or fumes) of
hydroiodic acid. It is exceptionally soluble in water.
One liter of water will dissolve 425 L of HI, the final
solution containing only four water molecules per molecule
of HI. As stated, although chemically related,
hydroiodic acid is not pure HI but a mixture containing it. Commercial “concentrated” hydroiodic acid usually
contains 90–98% HI by mass. | | 使用 | Reducing agent, manufacture of inorganic iodides, pharmaceuticals, disinfectants. The 57% acid is also used for analytical purposes, such as methoxyl determinations. | | 使用 | Hydriodic acid is used in the manufactureof iodides, as a reducing agent, and indisinfectants and pharmaceuticals. | | 使用 | Hydriodic acid (HI) is a colorless solution formed when hydrogen iodide gas is dissolved in water, commercially of strength 10% HI, frequently colored brown by iodine. There is a maximum constant boiling point 127 °C (774 mm) at 57% HI (distillate) for mixtures of hydriodic acid and water. Hydriodic acid is used in the preparation of iodides, and as an important reagent in organic chemistry. | | 定義 | hydrogen iodide: A colourless gas,HI; m.p. –51°C; b.p. –35.38°C. It canbe made by direct combination ofthe elements using a platinum catalyst.It is a strong acid dissociating extensivelyin solution (hydroiodic acid or hydriodic acid). It is also a reducingagent. | | 製造方法 | Hydrogen iodide is prepared by direct combination of hydrogen and iodinevapor in the presence of platinum catalyst:
H2 + I2 → 2HI
The compound is produced in commercial scale by reaction of iodine withhydrazine or hydrogen sulfide:
2I2 + N2H4 → 4HI + N2
I2 + H2S → 2HI + S
Hydriodic acid may be prepared by dissolving hydrogen iodide gas in water.The acid also may be obtained by electrolysis of iodine solution or by passinghydrogen sulfide into a suspension of iodine in water and boiling to expelexcess sulfide. After boiling, the precipitated sulfur is removed by filtrationthrough fritted glass plate or glass wool.
Hydriodic acid in small quantities may be prepared by adding water care-fully to a solid mixture of red phosphorus and iodine.
Technical grade hydriodic acid is a 47% HI solution and usually has abrown color due to the presence of free iodine, produced by air oxidation of HI.Hydriodic acid should be stored in the dark to prevent photochemical decom-position, and free from air to prevent oxidation. The addition of 1.5%hypophosphorus acid (H3PO2) prevents oxidative decomposition.
Hydriodic acid also is commercially sold at 57% (azeotropic concentration)and 10% aqueous solutions. | | 安全性 | ヒドロヨウ酸を取り扱う際には適切な安全対策が必要ですこの化合物は酸化剤であり特定の条件下では反応性が高くなることがあるため取り扱いには十分な注意が必要です実験室や産業での使用では適切な保護具の着用や換気良好な環境での作業が推奨されますまたヒドロヨウ酸の保管にあたっては安定した温度で直射日光や湿気を避けることが重要です | | 一般的な説明 | A colorless to yellow liquid with a pungent odor. Consists of a solution of hydrogen iodide in water. Fumes irritate the eyes and mucous membranes. Corrosive to metals and to tissue.
It is prepared by the reaction of iodine and hydrosulfuric acid or by the reaction of phosphorus plus iodine plus water followed by distillation. Concentrated hydroiodic acid reacts with the oxygen of the air to form free iodine, which gives a brownish color to the solution. It also gives an idea of the reducing nature of this acid. It is an important reagent in organic chemistry and is used commercially in the preparation of iodides. | | 空気と水の反応 | Soluble in water with release of heat. | | 反応プロフィール | HYDROIODIC ACID reacts exothermically with organic bases (amines, amides) and inorganic bases (oxides and hydroxides of metals). Reacts exothermically with carbonates (including limestone and building materials containing limestone) and hydrogen carbonates to generate carbon dioxide. Reacts with sulfides, carbides, borides, and phosphides to generate toxic or flammable gases. Reacts with many metals (including aluminum, zinc, calcium, magnesium, iron, tin and all of the alkali metals) to generate flammable hydrogen gas. Reacts violently with acetic anhydride, 2-aminoethanol, ammonium hydroxide, calcium phosphide, chlorosulfonic acid, 1,1-difluoroethylene, ethylenediamine, ethyleneimine, oleum, perchloric acid, b-propiolactone, propylene oxide, silver perchlorate/carbon tetrachloride mixture, sodium hydroxide, uranium(IV) phosphide, vinyl acetate, calcium carbide, rubidium carbide, cesium acetylide, rubidium acetylide, magnesium boride, mercury(II) sulfate [Lewis]. Mixtures with concentrated sulfuric acid can evolve toxic hydrogen iodide gas at a dangerous rate. Decomposes at high temperatures to emit toxic products. Reacts with fluorine, dinitrogen trioxide, nitrogen dioxide/dinitrogen tetraoxide, and fuming nitric acid. | | 危険性 | Strong irritant. Poison. | | 健康ハザード | Hydriodic acid is a corrosive liquid thatcan produce burns on contact with the skin.Contact of acid with the eyes can causesevere irritation. The gas, hydrogen iodide, isa strong irritant to the eyes, skin, and mucousmembranes. No exposure limit has been setfor this gas. | | 健康ハザード | TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. | | 火災危険 | Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. | | 使用用途 | ヨウ化水素は、同じハロゲン化水素である塩化水素やと比べて不安定で、酸化されやすいです。そのため、強い還元剤として利用されます。また、塩化物、臭化物、金属酸化物などと反応してヨウ化物を生成するため、無機ヨウ化物の製造に利用可能です。
さらに、ITO (インジウムスズ酸化物) のドライエッチング剤としても知られています。エッチングとは、物質の腐食作用を利用して、ICの回路を形成する工程のことです。
| | 化学反応 | ヨウ素と水素の反応
図1. ヨウ素と水素の反応
水素とヨウ素を組み合わせるだけでも、ヨウ化水素を合成可能です。通常この方法は、高純度のヨウ化水素を得るために使用されています。
H2とI2の反応では、まずI2が2つのヨウ素原子に解離して、それぞれがH2の側面に結合し、H-H結合を切断すると考えられています。I2の解離エネルギーである578nmに近い波長の光を照射すると、反応速度が著しく増加したためです。
ヨウ化水素によるSN2反応
図2. ヨウ化水素のSN2反応
HBrやHClと同様に、HIはアルケンに付加します。有機化学でHIは、第一級アルコールをヨウ化アルキルに変換するために利用可能です。この反応はSN2置換であり、活性化された水酸基がヨウ化物イオンと交換されます。
ヨウ化水素によるSN1反応
図3. ヨウ化水素のSN1反応
臭化物や塩化物より優れた求核剤であるヨウ化物イオンは、加熱しなくても反応が起こりやすいです。二級アルコールや三級アルコールでは、SN1置換によって反応が進行します。
HIはエーテルをヨウ化アルキルとアルコールに切断できます。化学的に安定で不活性なエーテルを、反応性が高い化合物に変換できるため、重要な反応です。例えば、ジエチルエーテルをエタノールとヨードエタンに分解できます。
| | 化学性质 | 色で刺激臭の気体，融点?50.77℃，沸点?35.55℃ | | 生産方法 | ヒドロヨウ酸の合成は主にヨウ素と過酸化水素H2O2を反応させることによって行われますこの反応ではヨウ素が酸化されヒドロヨウ酸が生成されますこの方法は比較的簡単であり実験室規模でも産業規模でも利用されています反応条件温度pH触媒の有無などを調整することにより反応の効率を向上させることができます | | 職業ばく露 | Hydriodic acid is used as a disinfec-tant, an analytical reagent, raw material for pharmaceuti-cals, and to make iodine salts. | | 応急処置 | If Hydriodic acid gets into the eyes, remove anycontact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least 15 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek med-ical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts theskin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediatelywith soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. Ifthis chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure,begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, includ-ing resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR ifheart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medicalfacility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medi-calattention. If victim is conscious, administer water ormilk. Do not induce vomiting. | | 貯蔵 | (1) Color Code- White: Corrosive or ContactHazard; Store separately in a corrosion-resistant location. (2)Color Code- Yellow Stripe (strong reducing agent):Reactivity Hazard; Store separately in an area isolated fromflammables, combustibles, or other yellow-coded materials.Prior toworking with this chemical you should be trainedon its proper handling and storage. Hydriodic acid must bestored to avoid contact with strong acids (such as hydro-chloric, sulfuric, and nitric), chemically active metals (suchas potassium, sodium, magnesium, and zinc), and strongoxidizers (such as chlorine, bromine, and fluorine) sinceviolent reactions occur. Store in tightly closed containers ina cool, well-ventilated area away from heat and moisture.Protectstoragecontainersfromphysicaldamage.Procedures for the handling, use, and storage of cylindersshould be incompliancewith OSHA 1910.101and1910.169, as with the recommendations of the CompressedGas Association. | | 輸送方法 | Hydriodic acid solution requires a shipping labelof“CORROSIVE.”It falls in Hazard Class 8 and PackingGroup HI.Hydrogen iodide, anhydrous, requires a shipping label of“POISON GAS.”It falls in Hazard Class 2.3. It is a viola-tion of transportation regulations to refill compressed gascylinders without the express written permission of the :owner. | | 合成方法 | ヨウ化物に濃リン酸溶液を加えて加熱する | | 純化方法 | Iodine can be removed from aqueous HI, probably as the amine hydrogen triiodide, by three successive extractions using a 4% solution of Amberlite LA-2 (a long-chain aliphatic amine) in CCl4, toluene or pet ether (10mL per 100mL of acid). [Davidson & Jameson Chem Ind (London) 1686 1963.] Extraction with tributyl phosphate in CHCl3 or other organic solvents is also suitable. Alternatively, a De-acidite FF anion-exchange resin column in the OH--form using 2M NaOH, then into its I--form by passing dilute KI solution through, can be used. Passage of an HI solution under CO2 through such a column removes polyiodide. The column can be regenerated with NaOH. [Irving & Wilson Chem Ind (London) 653 1964]. The earlier method was to reflux with red phosphorus and distil in a stream of N2. The colourless product is stored in ampoules in the dark [Bradbury J Am Chem Soc 74 2709 1952, Heisig & Frykholm Inorg Synth I 157 1939]. It fumes in moist air. HARMFUL VAPOURS. | | Toxicity evaluation | Hydroiodic acid is a strong irritant. When used as an expectorant,
hydroiodic acid is believed to act by irritating the gastric
mucosa, which then stimulates respiratory tract secretion. | | 不和合性 | Contact with water forms toxic and cor-rosive fumes. A strong reducing agent. V iolent actions withstrong acids, chemically active metals, magnesium, phos-phorus, perchloric acid, strong oxidizers. Explodeson contact with ethyl hydroperoxide.Protect from moisture,heat, and shock. | | 参考文献 | A. Trummal, et al., J. Phys. Chem. A, 120, 3663 (2016), DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b02253. |
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