Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API), popularly speaking, are the raw materials of medicines, only pharmaceutical raw materials are processed into pharmaceutical preparations , can they become medicines available for clinical use, so drugs we usually eat are the finished drugs through processing. Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients based on its sources can be divided into two major categories ,including chemical synthetic drugs and natural chemical drugs. Chemical synthetic drugs can be divided into organic synthetic drugs and inorganic synthetic drugs. Inorganic synthetic drugs are inorganic compounds ( very few is element), such as aluminum hydroxide, magnesium trisilicate which are used for the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers ; organic synthetic drugs are mainly composed of drugs made by basic organic chemical raw materials, through a series of organic chemical reactions (such as aspirin, chloramphenicol, caffeine, etc.). Natural chemical drugs ,based on its sources,can be divided into two categories including biochemical drugs and plant chemical drugs. Antibiotics are generally made by the microbial fermentation, which belongs to the biochemistry category. A variety of semi-synthetic antibiotics occurs in recent years,which are biosynthesis and chemical synthesis combining products.Among active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, the organic synthetic drugs varieties, yields and values have the largest proportion,which are the main pillars of the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The quality of active Pharmaceutical Ingredients decides whether the formulation is good or bad , so its quality standards are very strict ,countries in the world have developed national pharmacopoeia standards and strict quality control methods for its widely used active Pharmaceutical ingredients.
Tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-one: Synthesis and Potential Pharmaceutical Applications
Tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-one is synthesized using various reagents and solvents, and has pharmaceutical applications as an SSAO inhibitor and a modulator of NMDA receptors.
Jan 9,2024 APIAcyclovir: Antiviral Medication for Herpes with Promising Pharmacokinetics and Potency
Acyclovir treats viral infections. Oral absorption is limited with peak plasma concentrations of 0.5 μg/ml. Dosages vary by indication.
Jan 9,2024 APICinnamic Acid: Dietary Sources, Mechanisms of Action and New Formulation
Cinnamic acid in plant-based foods stimulates insulin secretion, but its limited bioavailability led to new formulations like nanoparticles for improved effectiveness against chronic diseases.
Jan 9,2024 APIUnderstanding the Mechanism, Pharmacokinetics, and Side Effects of Prednisolone
Prednisolone binds to glucocorticoid receptors, with 70% bioavailability. Metabolism involves prednisone conversion. Overdose causes side effects.
Jan 9,2024 APIZinc Pyrithione: A Promising Anti-Fungal Compound for Dermatologic Applications
Zinc Pyrithione has high skin permeability and exhibits anti-fungal activity against Malassezia yeast, commonly used in medicated shampoos for treating dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis.
Jan 9,2024 APIAgar-based edible films for food packaging applications
Agar can create edible films with gelling ability. Adding components like plasticizers and biopolymers improves flexibility and functional properties, expanding applications.
Jan 9,2024 APIA first-in-class potent 5-HT2A antagonist: Lumateperone
Lumateperone, also known as ITI-007, is a first-in-class potent 5-HT2A antagonist, postsynaptic D2 antagonist, and inhibitor of serotonin transport developed by Intra-Cellular Therapies under a licens
Jan 8,2024 APIThe synthesis method of Lemborexant
Lemborexant is an orally administered dual orexin receptor (OXR) antagonist developed by Eisai for the treatment of adults with insomnia.
Jan 8,2024 APIHow Lasmiditan works in treating migraine
Lasmiditan, or COL-144, is an orally bioavailable selective serotonin receptor agonist (SSRA) discovered by Eli Lilly and Company and licensed to CoLucid Pharmaceuticals before Eli Lilly acquired CoLu
Jan 8,2024 APIHow to synthesize Brexanolone?
Developed by Sage Therapeutics, brexanolone was approved by the USFDA as a first-in-class treatment for PPD in adult women.
Jan 8,2024 API