Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API), popularly speaking, are the raw materials of medicines, only pharmaceutical raw materials are processed into pharmaceutical preparations , can they become medicines available for clinical use, so drugs we usually eat are the finished drugs through processing. Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients based on its sources can be divided into two major categories ,including chemical synthetic drugs and natural chemical drugs. Chemical synthetic drugs can be divided into organic synthetic drugs and inorganic synthetic drugs. Inorganic synthetic drugs are inorganic compounds ( very few is element), such as aluminum hydroxide, magnesium trisilicate which are used for the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers ; organic synthetic drugs are mainly composed of drugs made by basic organic chemical raw materials, through a series of organic chemical reactions (such as aspirin, chloramphenicol, caffeine, etc.). Natural chemical drugs ,based on its sources,can be divided into two categories including biochemical drugs and plant chemical drugs. Antibiotics are generally made by the microbial fermentation, which belongs to the biochemistry category. A variety of semi-synthetic antibiotics occurs in recent years,which are biosynthesis and chemical synthesis combining products.Among active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, the organic synthetic drugs varieties, yields and values have the largest proportion,which are the main pillars of the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The quality of active Pharmaceutical Ingredients decides whether the formulation is good or bad , so its quality standards are very strict ,countries in the world have developed national pharmacopoeia standards and strict quality control methods for its widely used active Pharmaceutical ingredients.
Tomatine: biosynthesis, metabolism and activities
Tomatine synthesis involves hydrophobic sapogenin and hydrophilic oligosaccharide chain. Mature tomatoes transform tomatine with diverse medicinal applications.
Nov 23,2023 APIExploring the therapeutic potential of lactoferrin: tissue regeneration, administration routes, and promise in cancer treatment
Lactoferrin shows significant promise in tissue regeneration, eye disease prevention, and potential cancer treatment.
Nov 23,2023 APICycloastragenol: pharmacokinetics, activities and side effects
Cycloastragenol shows potential for diverse health applications but requires further study for safety.
Nov 23,2023 APIIridium nanomaterials: synthesis and applications
Iridium nanomaterials pose synthesis challenges due to oxide formation, yet exhibit remarkable properties for catalysis and electrochemistry.
Nov 23,2023 APICyclopropyl Methyl Ketone: properties, applications and safety
Cyclopropyl Methyl Ketone, a colorless, fruity-odored compound, is widely used in pharmaceuticals and chemicals but requires stringent safety measures due to its toxicity and flammability.
Nov 23,2023 APIThe effect of dietary Luteolin on glycolipid metabolism disorder
Luteolin, as a natural compound with a wide range of biological activities, are an ideal dietary supplement for maintaining metabolic homeostasis, especially significantly favouring carbohydrate and l
Nov 23,2023 APIArticaine hydrochloride: pharmacology, efficacy and side effects
Articaine hydrochloride is a local anesthetic with fast onset, long duration, and effective pain relief, but caution should be exercised due to potential side effects.
Nov 23,2023 APIBrusatol: mechanism of action and activities
Brusatol demonstrates multifunctional anticancer effects through cell cycle regulation, apoptosis induction, and pathway targeting.
Nov 23,2023 APIL-Glucose: physiological functions, clinical applications and side effect
L-Glucose has important physiological functions, but its consumption should be moderated due to potential negative effects.
Nov 23,2023 API(R)-(+)-2,2'-Bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl: properties and applications in organic synthesis
(R)-(+)-2,2'-Bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl is a crucial and versatile chiral ligand in asymmetric catalysis, enabling highly selective organic synthesis.
Nov 23,2023 API