Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API), popularly speaking, are the raw materials of medicines, only pharmaceutical raw materials are processed into pharmaceutical preparations , can they become medicines available for clinical use, so drugs we usually eat are the finished drugs through processing. Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients based on its sources can be divided into two major categories ,including chemical synthetic drugs and natural chemical drugs. Chemical synthetic drugs can be divided into organic synthetic drugs and inorganic synthetic drugs. Inorganic synthetic drugs are inorganic compounds ( very few is element), such as aluminum hydroxide, magnesium trisilicate which are used for the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers ; organic synthetic drugs are mainly composed of drugs made by basic organic chemical raw materials, through a series of organic chemical reactions (such as aspirin, chloramphenicol, caffeine, etc.). Natural chemical drugs ,based on its sources,can be divided into two categories including biochemical drugs and plant chemical drugs. Antibiotics are generally made by the microbial fermentation, which belongs to the biochemistry category. A variety of semi-synthetic antibiotics occurs in recent years,which are biosynthesis and chemical synthesis combining products.Among active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, the organic synthetic drugs varieties, yields and values have the largest proportion,which are the main pillars of the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The quality of active Pharmaceutical Ingredients decides whether the formulation is good or bad , so its quality standards are very strict ,countries in the world have developed national pharmacopoeia standards and strict quality control methods for its widely used active Pharmaceutical ingredients.
3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane: deposition methods and biosensing applications
3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane enhances oxidized surface biocompatibility and sensing. Solution or gas phase deposition methods are employed, immobilizing biomolecules and reducing adsorption.
Jul 31,2023 APIFluoroboric acid: properties, applications and safety
Fluoroboric acid is a strong Lewis acid, forms stable complexes, used in dental implants and PZT etching. However, corrosive and requires caution.
Jul 31,2023 APIAgar oligosaccharides: preparation, bioactivities and applications
Agar-derived agar oligosaccharides have diverse structures and bioactivities. They are prepared under different conditions and can be used in various fields.
Jul 28,2023 APICabozantinib: mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics and clinical applications
Cabozantinib is a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for thyroid, renal, and liver cancer. It enhances the immune system against tumors but can cause fatigue, diarrhea, and hypertension.
Jul 27,2023 APIo-Phthalaldehyde: derivatives and applications
o-Phthalaldehyde and its derivatives have various applications, including as reagents, in photoresists, and as mechanically responsive materials.
Jul 27,2023 APITetramethylbenzidine: properties and applications
Tetramethylbenzidine is a versatile compound used for color development and detection in various laboratory applications.
Jul 27,2023 APIStevioside: biosynthesis, metabolism and safety
Stevioside is synthesized via the MEP pathway. Gut bacteria metabolize stevioside into steviol in animals. Steviol absorption varies across species, with low toxicity potential.
Jul 26,2023 API5-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyriMidin-4-ylaMine: quantification, mechanism of action and applications
5-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyriMidin-4-ylaMine is an impurity in Ibrutinib and is a BTK inhibitor used for malignant B-cell diseases like CLL and lymphoma.
Jul 26,2023 APIProcaine hydrochloride: mechanism of action, clinical applications and side effect
Procaine hydrochloride, a local anesthetic, can inhibit nerve impulse transmission and modulate sodium channels. Used in surgery, dermatology, diagnostics, cardiovascular procedures.
Jul 25,2023 APIp-Anisic acid: metabolism and activities
p-Anisic acid inhibits tyrosinase, modulates insulin secretion, and possesses antihemorrhagic properties. It is used to treat bleeding disorders and has potential for further research.
Jul 25,2023 API