Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API), popularly speaking, are the raw materials of medicines, only pharmaceutical raw materials are processed into pharmaceutical preparations , can they become medicines available for clinical use, so drugs we usually eat are the finished drugs through processing. Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients based on its sources can be divided into two major categories ,including chemical synthetic drugs and natural chemical drugs. Chemical synthetic drugs can be divided into organic synthetic drugs and inorganic synthetic drugs. Inorganic synthetic drugs are inorganic compounds ( very few is element), such as aluminum hydroxide, magnesium trisilicate which are used for the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers ; organic synthetic drugs are mainly composed of drugs made by basic organic chemical raw materials, through a series of organic chemical reactions (such as aspirin, chloramphenicol, caffeine, etc.). Natural chemical drugs ,based on its sources,can be divided into two categories including biochemical drugs and plant chemical drugs. Antibiotics are generally made by the microbial fermentation, which belongs to the biochemistry category. A variety of semi-synthetic antibiotics occurs in recent years,which are biosynthesis and chemical synthesis combining products.Among active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, the organic synthetic drugs varieties, yields and values have the largest proportion,which are the main pillars of the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The quality of active Pharmaceutical Ingredients decides whether the formulation is good or bad , so its quality standards are very strict ,countries in the world have developed national pharmacopoeia standards and strict quality control methods for its widely used active Pharmaceutical ingredients.
Levulinic acid: synthesis and applications in drug synthesis
Levulinic acid is derived from glucose or fructose, and it has multiple uses in drug synthesis and as a chemical modifier.
Jun 29,2023 APIApplications and adverse effect of phosphoric acid tris(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ester in life
Phosphoric acid tris(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ester is a commonly used organophosphate compound, but studies have shown that it may cause adverse health effects.
Jun 29,2023 APISodium thiocyanate: pharmacological activity and toxicity
Sodium thiocyanate has various pharmacological activities. However, it's important to note that sodium thiocyanate can be toxic, causing gastrointestinal, neurologic, and cardiovascular effects.
Jun 28,2023 APITrimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate: applications in organic synthesis
TMSOTf is a trifluoromethanesulfonate compound with a trimethylsilyl R-group. It is commonly used in organic synthesis and has similar reactivity to trimethylsilyl chloride
Jun 28,2023 APILidocaine hydrochloride: mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics and activities
Lidocaine hydrochloride is a medication that works by blocking sodium channels in neuronal cell membranes, preventing the initiation and transmission of nerve impulses.
Jun 28,2023 APIBerberine hydrochloride: mechanism of action and side effect
Berberine hydrochloride activates AMP-activated protein kinase, a key regulator of cellular energy metabolism, leading to increased glucose uptake and improved insulin sensitivity.
Jun 28,2023 APITrifluoromethyl(trimethylsilane): A Versatile Reagent in Organic Synthesis
Trifluoromethyl(trimethylsilane) is a useful chemical reagent that contains a trifluoromethyl group and a trimethylsilyl group. It is commonly used as a source of the trifluoromethyl group.
Jun 27,2023 APIN-Methylaniline: toxicology and application
N-Methylaniline is a versatile aromatic amine compound used in various industries. It can be harmful to organs at high concentrations and potentially carcinogenic.
Jun 27,2023 APIAzilsartan: an angiotensin receptor blocker for treatment of hypertension
Azilsartan is a medication used to treat hypertension and has been shown to exhibit more potent antihypertensive action than other drugs in its class.
Jun 26,2023 APIBiomedical applications of chondroitin sulfate-based composites
Chondroitin sulfate-based composites have several potential biomedical applications due to their inherent properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ability to mimic the matrix.
Jun 26,2023 API