Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API), popularly speaking, are the raw materials of medicines, only pharmaceutical raw materials are processed into pharmaceutical preparations , can they become medicines available for clinical use, so drugs we usually eat are the finished drugs through processing. Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients based on its sources can be divided into two major categories ,including chemical synthetic drugs and natural chemical drugs. Chemical synthetic drugs can be divided into organic synthetic drugs and inorganic synthetic drugs. Inorganic synthetic drugs are inorganic compounds ( very few is element), such as aluminum hydroxide, magnesium trisilicate which are used for the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers ; organic synthetic drugs are mainly composed of drugs made by basic organic chemical raw materials, through a series of organic chemical reactions (such as aspirin, chloramphenicol, caffeine, etc.). Natural chemical drugs ,based on its sources,can be divided into two categories including biochemical drugs and plant chemical drugs. Antibiotics are generally made by the microbial fermentation, which belongs to the biochemistry category. A variety of semi-synthetic antibiotics occurs in recent years,which are biosynthesis and chemical synthesis combining products.Among active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, the organic synthetic drugs varieties, yields and values have the largest proportion,which are the main pillars of the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The quality of active Pharmaceutical Ingredients decides whether the formulation is good or bad , so its quality standards are very strict ,countries in the world have developed national pharmacopoeia standards and strict quality control methods for its widely used active Pharmaceutical ingredients.
Cephalothin and Cefazolin: Antimicrobial Activity, Susceptibility, Administration and Dosage, Clinical Uses etc.
Cephalothin (also spelt cefalothin) and cefazolin (also spelt cephazolin) are semisynthetic cephalosporins derived from cephalosporin C, a natural antibiotic produced by a strain of the fungus Acremon
Mar 21,2022 APIPiperacillin–Tazobactam: Clinical Uses and Toxicity
Piperacillin–tazobactam is used for a wide variety of clinical indications. Table 17.7 summarizes the randomized clinical trials that have assessed the clinical efficacy of this drug.
Mar 21,2022 APIPiperacillin–Tazobactam: Antimicrobial Activity, Susceptibility, Administration and Dosage etc.
Piperacillin–tazobactam (Zosyn, Tazocin) is a beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combination first licensed in 1993. The combination is formulated as a sodium salt in an 8:1 piperacillin–tazobactam
Mar 21,2022 APIThe role of glyphosate
Glyphosate is a biocide herbicide developed by the famous American company Monsanto.
Mar 21,2022 APIToxicity of Garenoxacin
Garenoxacin is a desfluoro quinolone which, as such, lacks a fluorine at the C-6 position in comparison with other fluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and levofloxacin, and has a di
Mar 18,2022 APIToxicity of Gatifloxacin
Gatifloxacin is an 8-methoxy fluoroquinolone and is marketed by Bristol Myers Squibb as Tequint. Three formulations are available: oral, ophthalmic, and intravenous. Like other members of this class,
Mar 18,2022 APIThe steroid antibiotics---?Fusidic acid
Fusidic acid was developed by Leo Laboratories in Copenhagen and obtained from the fungus Fusidium coccineum.
Mar 18,2022 APIWhat is Fosfomycin?
Fosfomycin is a phosphoenolpyruvate analogue produced by Streptomyces fradiae and by some Pseudomonas spp., but is now mostly obtained synthetically. It is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with bactericida
Mar 18,2022 APIAmpicillin–Sulbactam: Antimicrobial Activity, Susceptibility, Administration and Dosage, Clinical Uses etc.
Ampicillin–sulbactam (AMP/S) is a beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor that was developed to overcome the increasing resistance of various bacteria to ampicillin. AMP/S is marketed under various trad
Mar 18,2022 APIInstructions of ?Pristinamycin
?Pristinamycin is a mixture of water-insoluble pristinamycin IA (PIA, 90–97%) and pristinamycin IIA (PIIA, 3–10%), derived from S. pristinaespiralis.
Mar 18,2022 API