Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API), popularly speaking, are the raw materials of medicines, only pharmaceutical raw materials are processed into pharmaceutical preparations , can they become medicines available for clinical use, so drugs we usually eat are the finished drugs through processing. Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients based on its sources can be divided into two major categories ,including chemical synthetic drugs and natural chemical drugs. Chemical synthetic drugs can be divided into organic synthetic drugs and inorganic synthetic drugs. Inorganic synthetic drugs are inorganic compounds ( very few is element), such as aluminum hydroxide, magnesium trisilicate which are used for the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers ; organic synthetic drugs are mainly composed of drugs made by basic organic chemical raw materials, through a series of organic chemical reactions (such as aspirin, chloramphenicol, caffeine, etc.). Natural chemical drugs ,based on its sources,can be divided into two categories including biochemical drugs and plant chemical drugs. Antibiotics are generally made by the microbial fermentation, which belongs to the biochemistry category. A variety of semi-synthetic antibiotics occurs in recent years,which are biosynthesis and chemical synthesis combining products.Among active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, the organic synthetic drugs varieties, yields and values have the largest proportion,which are the main pillars of the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The quality of active Pharmaceutical Ingredients decides whether the formulation is good or bad , so its quality standards are very strict ,countries in the world have developed national pharmacopoeia standards and strict quality control methods for its widely used active Pharmaceutical ingredients.
Synthesis of Benzothiazole
Benzothiazole is a conjugated sp2-hybridized bicyclic 10π electron heteroaromatic, constituted by fusion of benzene with the 4,5-positions of the thiazole ring.
Jan 24,2022 APISynthesis of Thiazole
Thiazole is a five-membered, unsaturated, planar, π-excessive heteroaromatic containing one sulfur atom and one pyridine-type nitrogen atom at position 3 of the cyclic ring system.
Jan 24,2022 APISynthesis of Benzisothiazole
The parent skeleton of benzisothiazole is a bicyclic structure in which the benzene ring is fused with the “d” site of the isothiazole ring and is also known as benzo[d]isothiazole.
Jan 24,2022 APISynthesis of Isothiazole
Isothiazole (1,2-thiazoles) is a five-membered heteroaromatic and considered to be derived from thiophene in which the second position is occupied by a nitrogen atom.
Jan 24,2022 APIAn injectable anabolic steroid---Drostanolone
Drostanolone is an injectable anabolic steroid, a derivative of dihydrotestosterone (DHT). It is described in medical literature as a strong anabolic with anti-estrogenic traits.
Jan 24,2022 APISodium Salicylate vs Aspirin
Sodium salicylate is a metabolite of acetylsalicylic acid (sc-217570), and functions by inhibiting NF κ B and reduces oxidative stress. The agent has the ability to protect against neurotoxicity induc
Jan 20,2022 APIEffects of Cefovecin Sodium
Cefovecin Sodium, also known as Convenia, is an antibiotic of the cephalosporin class, licensed for the treatment of skin infections in cats and dogs.
Jan 19,2022 APIToxicity of Diethylstilbestrol
Diethylstilbestrol (DES) is a nonsteroidal, synthetic stilbene derivative with estrogenic activity. It is an odorless, white crystalline powder, with a molecular weight of 268.36. Its cisisomer tends
Jan 19,2022 APIWhat is Estrone?
Estrone, one of the major mammalian estrogens, is an aromatized C18 steroid with a 3-hydroxyl group and a 17-ketone. It is produced in vivo from androstenedione or from testosterone via estradiol.
Jan 18,2022 APIWhat is Protocatechuic acid?
Protocatechuic acid has inhibitory effects on white and Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus A, Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Proteus.
Jan 17,2022 API