Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API), popularly speaking, are the raw materials of medicines, only pharmaceutical raw materials are processed into pharmaceutical preparations , can they become medicines available for clinical use, so drugs we usually eat are the finished drugs through processing. Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients based on its sources can be divided into two major categories ,including chemical synthetic drugs and natural chemical drugs. Chemical synthetic drugs can be divided into organic synthetic drugs and inorganic synthetic drugs. Inorganic synthetic drugs are inorganic compounds ( very few is element), such as aluminum hydroxide, magnesium trisilicate which are used for the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers ; organic synthetic drugs are mainly composed of drugs made by basic organic chemical raw materials, through a series of organic chemical reactions (such as aspirin, chloramphenicol, caffeine, etc.). Natural chemical drugs ,based on its sources,can be divided into two categories including biochemical drugs and plant chemical drugs. Antibiotics are generally made by the microbial fermentation, which belongs to the biochemistry category. A variety of semi-synthetic antibiotics occurs in recent years,which are biosynthesis and chemical synthesis combining products.Among active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, the organic synthetic drugs varieties, yields and values have the largest proportion,which are the main pillars of the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The quality of active Pharmaceutical Ingredients decides whether the formulation is good or bad , so its quality standards are very strict ,countries in the world have developed national pharmacopoeia standards and strict quality control methods for its widely used active Pharmaceutical ingredients.
Chloramphenicol: Chemistry, Mechanism of Action and Pharmacokinetics
Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that can be taken orally or topically with minimal harmful effects. It is an Amphenicol-class Antibacterial.
Nov 27,2024 APILetermovir: Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics and Adverse Effects
Letermovir effectively inhibits cytomegalovirus, demonstrating high bioavailability, manageable pharmacokinetics, and tolerable adverse effects, with minimal risk of cross-resistance.
Nov 27,2024 APITelmisartan: The 'patron saint' of Hypertension Management
Among angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), telmisartan was reported to be preferred by almost 73% of physicians in India as a first-line agent for managing essential hypertension.
Nov 27,2024 APIβ-Estradiol: Biosynthesis and Mechanism of Action
β-Estradiol, synthesized from cholesterol via aromatase, acts through ERs (ERα, ERβ) and GPER, exerting genomic and non-genomic effects in diverse tissues.
Nov 27,2024 APIA Neddylation inhibitor: Pevonedistat
MLN4924 is a neddylation inhibitor currently under investigation in multiple phases I studies on various malignancies, and its clinical name is Pevonedistat.
Nov 27,2024 APIWhat is the Biosynthetic Pathway of 1-Butanol?
1-Butanol (n-Butanol) is a widely used industrial reagent. 1-Butanol vapor can be used to preserve food and prolong its color.
Nov 27,2024 APIWhat are the uses and synthesis routes of 1,5-Pentanediol?
1,5-Pentanediol (1,5-PDO) is a linear diol with an odd number of methylene groups. It is an important raw material for the synthesis of polyesters, unsaturated polyesters and polyurethanes.
Nov 26,2024 APISofosbuvir: Characteristics and Pharmacokinetics
Sofosbuvir is an effective, orally administered antiviral for hepatitis C with high absorption, favorable pharmacokinetics, and renal excretion.
Nov 22,2024 APITetrahydrocurcumin: Characterization and Beneficial Effects on Human Diseases
Tetrahydrocurcumin offers enhanced stability, superior oral absorption, potent antioxidant activity, and a strong safety profile, with potential for therapeutic applications.
Nov 22,2024 APICarbon Black: Driving Advances in Nanomaterial-Based Electrochemical Technologies
Carbon Black is a material rich in carbon nanostructures that has been successfully used as a modifier for electrochemical sensors.
Nov 22,2024 API