Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API), popularly speaking, are the raw materials of medicines, only pharmaceutical raw materials are processed into pharmaceutical preparations , can they become medicines available for clinical use, so drugs we usually eat are the finished drugs through processing. Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients based on its sources can be divided into two major categories ,including chemical synthetic drugs and natural chemical drugs. Chemical synthetic drugs can be divided into organic synthetic drugs and inorganic synthetic drugs. Inorganic synthetic drugs are inorganic compounds ( very few is element), such as aluminum hydroxide, magnesium trisilicate which are used for the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers ; organic synthetic drugs are mainly composed of drugs made by basic organic chemical raw materials, through a series of organic chemical reactions (such as aspirin, chloramphenicol, caffeine, etc.). Natural chemical drugs ,based on its sources,can be divided into two categories including biochemical drugs and plant chemical drugs. Antibiotics are generally made by the microbial fermentation, which belongs to the biochemistry category. A variety of semi-synthetic antibiotics occurs in recent years,which are biosynthesis and chemical synthesis combining products.Among active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, the organic synthetic drugs varieties, yields and values have the largest proportion,which are the main pillars of the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The quality of active Pharmaceutical Ingredients decides whether the formulation is good or bad , so its quality standards are very strict ,countries in the world have developed national pharmacopoeia standards and strict quality control methods for its widely used active Pharmaceutical ingredients.
Dimethyl Terephthalate: Applications in Organic Synthesis and its Genotoxicity
Dimethyl terephthalate is vital for polymers and derivatives, showing nongenotoxic properties in vitro, yet revealing potential clastogenic effects in vivo requiring further research for safety.
Oct 11,2024 APIMaltitol: A comprehensive analysis of a new functional sweetener
In this paper, the basic properties, functional properties, production technology, application fields, and safety of maltitol were analyzed comprehensively.
Oct 11,2024 APIQuetiapine Fumarate: Pharmacological Activity and Clinical Applications
Quetiapine fumarate is an atypical antipsychotic effective for mood disorders, sleep disturbances, and potential pain management in multiple sclerosis and neuroprotective applications.
Oct 10,2024 APIPrednisolone-21-Acetate: Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics and Side Effects
Prednisolone-21-acetate is a corticosteroid that inhibits inflammation and immune responses, requiring careful dosing due to short half-life and potential serious side effects.
Oct 10,2024 API1H,1H,2H,2H-Perfluorodecyltrimethoxysilane: Versatile Applications in Material Enhancement and its Preparation Method
1H,1H,2H,2H-Perfluorodecyltrimethoxysilane enhances hydrophobicity and stability in materials and is efficiently synthesized for diverse applications, promoting performance and sustainability.
Oct 10,2024 APINonanoic Acid: Mechanism of Action, Therapeutic Uses and Toxicity
Nonanoic acid exhibits biological activity in skin response, neuronal differentiation, and metabolic disorders, while remaining relatively safe but potentially irritating at high concentrations.
Oct 9,2024 APIDL-Alanine: Origin and Physiological Roles
DL-Alanine, sourced from diet, gut microbiota, and endogenous synthesis, regulates neurological function and glucose metabolism, impacting health and disease management.
Oct 8,2024 APIAvanafil: Mechanism of Action, Pharmacokinetics and Adverse Effects
Avanafil treats erectile dysfunction by enhancing blood flow, with rapid absorption, a half-life of 3-5 hours, and potential side effects including headache and priapism.
Oct 8,2024 APIEthyl 3-Methyl-3-Phenylglycidate: Structure, Applications and Synthesis Method
Ethyl 3-methyl-3-phenylglycidate, a racemic compound with strawberry-like flavor, is widely used in food and fragrance industries, evolving from Claisen's 1905 synthesis to modern methods.
Oct 8,2024 APIIron-Dextran: Mechanism of Action, Pharmacokinetics and Adverse Effects
Iron-dextran treats iron deficiency anemia by delivering iron for transport via transferrin, but may cause adverse effects like infusion reactions and rare anaphylaxis.
Oct 8,2024 API