| Identification | Back Directory | [Name]
ASIALOGANGLIOSIDE-GM2 | [CAS]
35960-33-9 | [Synonyms]
GG3
ASIALO GM2
Glycolipid GA2
Ganglioside GA2
GA2 GANGLIOSIDE
gangliosides (Gls)
Tay-Sachs globoside
CERAMIDE TRIHEXOSIDE
ASIALOGANGLIOSIDE-GM2
Glycosphingolipid GA2
Ganglioside GM2, Asialo
GANGLIOTRIOSYL CERAMIDE
ganglio-n-triaosylceramide
ASIALOGANGLIOSIDE GM2, BOVINE
Ganglioside GM2 Asialo Mixture
Asialoganglioside GM2
ASIALOGANGLIOSIDE GM2, FROM BOVINE BRAIN
GA2 Ganglioside, Gangliotriosyl ceramide
Asialoganglioside-GM2 from bovine brain,GA2 Ganglioside, Gangliotriosyl ceramide | [Molecular Formula]
C56H104N2O18 | [MDL Number]
MFCD00131129 | [MOL File]
35960-33-9.mol | [Molecular Weight]
1093.43 |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [Description]
Ganglioside GM2 asialo (asialo- GM2) is a glycosphingolipid containing three monosaccharide residues and a fatty acid of variable chain length but lacking the sialic acid residue present on ganglioside M2. Asialo-GM2 levels are low-to-undetectable in normal human brain, but it accumulates in the brain of patients with Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff disease, which are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by deficiency of lysosomal β-hexosaminidase A and B, respectively. It also binds to various bacteria, including Pseudomonas isolates derived from cystic fibrosis patients. Asialo-GM2 mixture contains ganglioside GM2 asialo molecular species with fatty acyl chains of variable lengths. [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1512] | [Chemical Properties]
Gls have two basic functions: mediating cell-cell, cell-microbe, and cell-matrix interactions. They also regulate the function of proteins in the cytoplasmic membrane, such as growth factor receptors and in vitro channels. Exogenous Gls can bind to Gls-binding proteins on the cell surface, altering the activity of Gls-associated activating enzymes, thereby increasing or decreasing cell growth rate. The pathogenesis of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage is related to multiple factors. Animal experiments both domestically and internationally have demonstrated that gangliosides can cross the blood-brain barrier, prevent neuronal apoptosis, stabilize neuronal membranes, maintain calcium homeostasis, counteract excitatory amino acid neurotoxicity and oxygen free radical reactions, and synergize with nerve growth factor to exert neurotrophic effects. Gangliosides have been clinically effective in treating cerebral ischemia. Chen Xiaolong, Pan Xiaoli, et al. sought biological markers for retinoblastoma (RB). Methods: Gangliosides in 32 RB tumor tissues and 21 control retinal tissues were analyzed using high-performance thin-layer chromatography. Results: The content of sialic acid bound to gangliosides in RB tumor tissue was significantly lower than that in control retinal tissue [(0.04±0.01) mg/g (wet weight) vs. (0.11±0.02) mg/g (wet weight), P<0.01]. GM3, GM2, GM1, GD3, and GD2 were the main components in RB tumor tissue, while GM2, GM1, GD1a, GT1b, and GQ1b were the main components in control retinal tissue. Fu Qiang, Hou Tiesheng, and others have suggested that gangliosides have a significant protective effect on injured spinal cord tissue and have preliminarily explored their mechanism of action, suggesting that this may be through blocking neuronal apoptosis. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive degenerative disorder of the substantia nigra and striatum. Recent discoveries have shown promise in alleviating symptoms and slowing progression. GM1 has a promising early preventive and therapeutic effect on hypoxic brain damage in aged rats. Its mechanism of action may be closely related to antagonizing the toxic effects of excitatory amino acids, preventing disturbances in intracellular calcium homeostasis, alleviating free radical damage, and protecting membrane enzyme activity. GM3, which contains two hexose groups and one sialic acid group, can induce HL-60 cells to differentiate along the mononuclear-macrophage pathway and regulate phospholipid metabolism in J6-2 cells. Li Zhaojie, Zhou Dong, and others investigated the use of monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1) in the treatment of acute craniocerebral injury. Results demonstrated that GM1 has a potent awakening effect, improving patient quality of life, reducing mortality, and promoting brain function recovery. Zhang Guilin and Fu Wanhai investigated the therapeutic effects of ganglioside GM1 on neonatal rats with hypoxia-ischemia (HI) and its effect on the expression of apoptosis-related genes, Bax/Bcl-2. The results showed that GM1 treatment reduced brain cell apoptosis in HI-induced brain injury and had a modest effect on the expression of apoptosis-related genes, Bax/Bcl-2. These two genes may be involved in cell apoptosis following HI-induced brain injury. The ganglioside GD3 enhances angiogenesis in the tumor itself and adjacent tissues, thereby promoting tumor progression and metastasis. Research by Gao Luoyi, Zeng Guichao, and others provides strong experimental evidence for this hypothesis. Transfection of tumor cells with antisense DNA encoding GD3 synthase inhibited GD3 synthase expression, significantly reducing endogenous GD3 levels. Further studies demonstrated that inhibiting GD3 synthesis in tumor cells significantly reduced vascular endothelial growth factor (WVGF) levels and minimized angiogenesis. These experiments suggest that GD3 plays a crucial role in tumor angiogenesis. Furthermore, as a tumor-associated antigen, GD3's synergistic effects with angiogenic factors may play a crucial role in combination gene therapy. Research on tumor-associated glycosphingolipids, both domestically and internationally, has primarily focused on acidic glycosphingolipids, known as gangliosides, while relatively little research has been conducted on neutral glycosphingolipids. According to reports by Svennerholm L., Zhang Shizhong et al., there are two colorimetric methods for neutral glycosphingolipids. Their principles are similar: the irreversible binding of acids to sugar groups in glycosphingolipids, resulting in a blue or purple-red color depending on the colorant. Zhang Zongcheng et al. developed a new colorimetric method for neutral glycosphingolipids, the iodine colorimetric method, which relies on the energy of unsaturated bonds to attract iodine atoms, forming a brownish-yellow substance around them. Since gangliosides also contain double bonds, the applicability of this colorimetric method to the visualization of gangliosides requires further study. | [Uses]
Ganglioside GM2, Asialo is a semisynthetic ganglioside. | [General Description]
Gangliosides are major constituents of neuronal cell membranes and endoplasmic reticulum; contain a sialated polysaccharide chain linked to ceramide through a β-glycosidic linkage; for classification of gangliosides see Svennerholm, L., et al. (eds.), Structure and Function of Gangliosides, New York, Plenum, 1980. | [Biochem/physiol Actions]
Degraded form of Asialoganglioside-GM1 ganglioside. | [References]
[1] HOWARD C. KRIVAN David D R Victor Ginsburg. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas cepacia isolated from cystic fibrosis patients bind specifically to gangliotetraosylceramide (asialo GM1) and gangliotriaosylceramide (asialo GM2)[J]. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 1988, 260 1: Pages 493-496. DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(88)90473-0 |
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