Chloracetonitril Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSE FLüSSIGKEIT MIT STECHENDEM GERUCH.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Zersetzung beim Erhitzen unter Bildung giftiger und entzündlicher Dämpfe mit Cyanwasserstoff. Reagiert mit starken Oxidationsmitteln, Reduktionsmitteln, Säuren, Basen, Wasserdampf unter Bildung hochgiftiger und entzündlicher Rauche.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV nicht festgelegt.
MAK nicht festgelegt.
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation des Aerosols, über die Haut und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Beim Verdampfen bei 20°C kann schnell eine gesundheitsschädliche Kontamination der Luft eintreten.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt die Augen, die Haut und die Atemwege. Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf die Zellatmung mit nachfolgender Zyanose. Die Auswirkungen treten u.U. verzögert ein. ärztliche Beobachtung notwendig.
LECKAGE
Gefahrenbereich verlassen! Fachmann zu Rate ziehen! Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit möglichst in abdichtbaren Behältern sammeln. Reste mit Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen. NICHT in die Kanalisation spülen. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Vollschutzanzug mit umgebungsluftunabhängigem Atemschutzgerät. NICHT in die Umwelt gelangen lassen.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R23/24/25:Giftig beim Einatmen, Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
R51/53:Giftig für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gewässern längerfristig schädliche Wirkungen haben.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
Verwenden
Chloroacetonitrile is used in the electrochemical synthesis of cyanoacetic acid with carbon dioxide. It is involved in phase-transfer-catalyzed Darzen's condensation reaction with cyclohexanone. It is also used as an eluent additive in thermospray liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Further, it is used to prepare polysubstituted pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole by reacting with other reactant such as malononitrile, aromatic aldehyde and pyridine.
synthetische
In a 3-L round-bottomed, threenecked flask fitted with an efficient mechanical stirrer, a reflux condenser, and a thermometer were placed phosphorus pentoxide (170 g, 1.2 mol), chloroacetamide 1423 (187 g, 2 mol), and dry technical grade trimethylbenzene (800 mL). The mixture was gently refluxed with vigorous stirring for 1 h. It was then allowed to cool to about 100 C° with continuous stirring, and the reflux condenser was replaced with a distillation head fitted with a thermometer and a water-cooled condenser. The crude product and part of the solvent were distilled at atmospheric pressure. The yield of crude product boiling at 124–128 C° was 121–131 g (80–87%). In order to obtain a pure product, the crude chloroacetonitrile was mixed with phosphorus pentoxide (10 g) and redistilled through an efficient packed fractionating column. The yield of pure chloroacetonitrile distilling at 123–124 C° was 93–106 g (62–70%).
Allgemeine Beschreibung
A colorless liquid with a pungent odor. Flash point 118°F. Insoluble in water and denser than water. Hence, sinks in water. Very toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. A lachrymator. Used to make other chemicals and as a fumigant.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Flammable. Insoluble in water and denser than water. Hence, sinks in water. Reacts with water and steam to produce toxic vapors of hydrogen chloride.
Reaktivität anzeigen
Chloroacetonitrile reacts with water, steam, strong acids or acid fumes to produce toxic vapors of hydrogen chloride. When heated to decomposition, Chloroacetonitrile emits highly toxic fumes of hydrogen cyanide and hydrogen chloride [Sax, 2nd ed., 1963, p. 600].
Hazard
Irritant. Questionable carcinogen.
Health Hazard
TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.
Brandgefahr
HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.
Sicherheitsprofil
Poison by ingestion,
skin contact, and intraperitoneal routes.
Moderately toxic by inhalation. A skin
irritant. Human mutation data reported.
Questionable carcinogen with experimental
tumorigenic data. Flammable liquid. See also
NITRILES. When heated to decomposition
it emits very toxic fumes of Cl-, NOx, and
CN-.
mögliche Exposition
A chlorinated haloacetonitrile used as
a fumigant and as a manufacturing chemical intermediate
for making other chemicals
Versand/Shipping
UN2668 Chloroaceto nitrile Hazard class: 6.1,
Labels: 6.1-Poison Inhalation Hazard, 3-Flammable liquid
Inhalation Hazard Zone B.
läuterung methode
Reflux it with P2O5 for one day, then distil it through a helices-packed column. Also purified by gas chromatography. [Beilstein 2 IV 492.] LACHRYMATOR, HIGHLY TOXIC.
Inkompatibilitäten
Highly flammable, forms explosive mixture with air. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates,
nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine,
bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases,
strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Reacts with water and
steam, releasing toxic and corrosive vapors of hydrogen
chloride. Nitriles may polymerize in the presence of metals
and some metal compounds. They are incompatible with
acids; mixing nitriles with strong oxidizing acids can lead
to extremely violent reactions. Nitriles are generally incompatible with other oxidizing agents such as peroxides and
epoxides. The combination of bases and nitriles can produce hydrogen cyanide. Nitriles are hydrolyzed in both
aqueous acid and base to give carboxylic acids (or salts of
carboxylic acids). These reactions generate heat. Peroxides
convert nitriles to amides. Nitriles can react vigorously low aqueous solubility. They are also insoluble in aqueous
acids.
with reducing agents. Acetonitrile and propionitrile are soluble in water, but nitriles higher than propionitrile have
Waste disposal
Use a licensed professional
waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve
or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in
a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and
scrubber. All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must be observed.
Chloracetonitril Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
2-(2,3-DIHYDRO-1BENZENESULFONYL-PYRROLO[2,3-B]PYRIDIN-3-YL)ETHANAMINE
2-(4-METHYL-PIPERIDIN-1-YL)-ETHYLAMINE
2-PHENOXYETHANIMIDAMIDE HYDROCHLORIDE DIHYDRATE
2-(CHLOROMETHYL)-6-ETHYLTHIENO[2,3-D]PYRIMIDIN-4(3H)-ONE
2-Phenoxyethylamin
CYANOMETHYLENETRIBUTYLPHOSPHORANE
Phentolaminmesilat
4-Methylpiperazin-1-ethylamin
2-(Chloromethyl)-6-methylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one ,97%
N-(2-Aminoethyl)piperidin
1-(2-AMINOETHYL)-4-BENZYLPIPERAZINE
2-(2,3-DIHYDRO-1-BENZENESULFONYL-PYRROLO[2,3-B]PYRIDIN-3-YL)ACETONITRILE
1-[2-(MORPHOLIN-4-YL)-ETHYL]-PIPERAZINE
2-PHENOXYACETAMIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE
2-(CHLOROMETHYL)-5-METHYLTHIENO[2,3-D]PYRIMIDIN-4(3H)-ONE
4-CHLORO-2-CHLOROMETHYLQUINAZOLINE
1-PROPANESULPHONYLACETONITRILE
Acetonitrile, (2-benzothiazolylthio)- (8CI,9CI)
1,3-Benzenediol, 4-(2-chloro-1-iminoethyl)-
