Ylang Ylang Oil Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S23:Gas/Rauch/Dampf/Aerosol nicht einatmen(geeignete Bezeichnung(en) vom Hersteller anzugeben).
S24/25:Berührung mit den Augen und der Haut vermeiden.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Ylang-ylang oils are obtained by steam distillation of freshly picked blossoms
of Cananga odorata (DC.) Hook. f. et Thomson ssp. genuina (Annonaceae).
These cananga trees normally grow to a height of 20m but are pruned
to a height of 1.60–1.80m and flower throughout the year. The oil is
produced in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands where quantities of 10 t
and 40 t, respectively, are obtained annually. Four fractions are collected at
progressively longer distillation times and are known as “Extra,” “I,” “II,” and
“III.” Occasionally, a first fraction called Extra superior is collected. They
are all pale to dark yellow liquids with a characteristic floral, spicy, balsamic
odor. The first fractions are the most valuable; they have a higher density
and a higher saponification number.
The compositions of the various oil fractions depend on the duration
of distillation. The first fraction, ylang-ylang oil Extra, has the highest
content of strongly odoriferous constituents such as p-cresyl methyl ether
(5–16%), methyl benzoate (4–9%), (?)-linalool (7–24%), benzyl acetate
(5.5–17.5%), and geranyl acetate (2.5–14%). The other fractions contain
increasing amounts of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons such as caryophyllene,
germacrene-D, and (E,E)-α-farnesene (in total >70% in ylang-ylang III).
Components such as p-cresol, eugenol, and isoeugenol are important for
the odor, although they are present only in low concentration.
Ylang-ylang Extra and I are used mostly in fine fragrances; ylang-ylang II
and III are employed in soap perfumes.
Physikalische Eigenschaften
The color of the oils ranges from light amber to yellow-brown. The Extra exhibits the deepest
color, probably because of phenolic substances. It should be noted that as the distillation proceeds, the specific gravity and the ester
content of these fractions decrease, whereas the optical rotation and the refractive index increase. The Extra fraction exhibits the
highest specific gravity and ester number, and the lowest optical rotation and refractive index, whereas the third fraction has the lowest
specific gravity and ester number and the highest optical rotation and refractive index. Thus, the quality of the various fractions
can be simply determined from their physicochemical properties. The Extra and first fractions possess the strongest and finest odor
because they contain the highest percentage of esters, ethers and phenols. The last fractions consist chiefly of sesquiterpenes and,
therefore, have little odor value.
Definition
An essential, yellowish, volatile
oil distilled from the flowers of Cananga odorata.
Strongly levorotatory.
Essential oil composition
All qualities of the ylang-ylang oil contain the following components in varying ratios: d-α-pinene,
l-linalool, geraniol, benzyl alcohol and esters, p-cresol, p-cresyl acetate, eugenol, methyl benzoate, methyl salicylate and several
acids (formic, valeric, acetic, benzoic, salicyclic).
Ylang Ylang Oil Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
