Pentachlorphenol Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
WEISSE KRISTALLE ODER FESTSTOFF IN VERSCHIEDENEN FORMEN MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Zersetzung beim Erhitzen über 200°C unter Bildung von giftigen und ätzenden Rauchen mit Dioxinen. Reagiert sehr heftig mit starken Oxidationsmitteln.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 0.5 mg/m?(als TWA); Hautresorption; Krebskategorie A3 (bestätigte krebserzeugende Wirkung beim Tier mit unbekannter Bedeutung für den Menschen); BEI vorhanden; (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: Hautresorption; Krebserzeugend Kategorie: 2; (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation, über die Haut und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Verdampfung bei 20 °C vernachlässigbar; eine gesundheitsschädliche Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann jedoch beim Dispergieren schnell erreicht werden.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt die Augen, die Haut und die Atmungsorgane. Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf das Herz-Kreislaufsystem mit nachfolgenden Herzfunktionsstörungen undHerzmuskelschwäche.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf Zentralnervensystem, Nieren, Leber, Lunge, Immunsystemund Schilddrüse. Möglicherweise krebserzeugend für den Menschen. Tierversuche zeigen, dass die Substanz möglicherweise fruchtbarkeitsschädigend oder entwicklungsschädigend wirken kann.
LECKAGE
Verschüttetes Material in abdichtbaren Behältern sammeln; falls erforderlich durch Anfeuchten Staubentwicklung verhindern. Reste sorgfältig sammeln. An sicheren Ort bringen. NICHT in die Umwelt gelangen lassen.Umfassende Schutzkleidung. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzgerät, P3-Filter für giftige Partikel.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R24/25:Giftig bei Berührung mit der Haut und beim Verschlucken.
R26:Sehr giftig beim Einatmen.
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R40:Verdacht auf krebserzeugende Wirkung.
R50/53:Sehr giftig für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gewässern längerfristig schädliche Wirkungen haben.
R39/23/24/25:Giftig: ernste Gefahr irreversiblen Schadens durch Einatmen, Berührung mit der Haut und durch Verschlucken.
R23/24/25:Giftig beim Einatmen, Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
R11:Leichtentzündlich.
R52/53:Schädlich für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gewässern längerfristig schädliche Wirkungen haben.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S22:Staub nicht einatmen.
S36/37:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzkleidung tragen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S52:Nicht großflächig für Wohn- und Aufenthaltsräume zu verwenden.
S60:Dieses Produkt und sein Behälter sind als gefährlicher Abfall zu entsorgen.
S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
S16:Von Zündquellen fernhalten - Nicht rauchen.
S7:Behälter dicht geschlossen halten.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Pentachlorophenol is a colorless to white,
crystalline solid. It has a benzene-like odor; pungent when
hot. The Odor Threshold in water is 1600 μg/L and the
taste threshold in water is 30 μg/L.
Physikalische Eigenschaften
White flakes or needles with a phenolic odor. At 40 °C, the average odor threshold concentration
and the lowest concentration at which an odor was detected were 23 and 9.3 μg/L, respectively. At
25 °C, the lowest concentration at which a taste was detected was 8 μg/L (Young et al., 1996).
Verwenden
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is an odourless, white or light brown powder or crystal in appearance. It is used as herbicide and fungicide. Pentachlorophenol is incompatible with strong oxidising agents. Pentachlorophenol has a very sharp characteristic phenolic smell when hot but very little odour at room temperature. Pentachlorophenol is a synthetic substance made from other chemicals and does not occur naturally in the environment. Initially pentachlorophenol was widely used as a wood preservative. It is now used industrially as a wood preservative for power line poles, cross arms, fence post, etc.
Used as insecticide for terminate control; pre-harvest defoliant; general herbicide. Antimicrobial preservative and fungicide for wood, wood products, starches, textiles, paints, adhesives, leather, pulp, paper, industrial waste systems, building materials. Surface disinfectant.
Definition
ChEBI: A chlorophenol that is phenol substituted by 5 chloro groups.
Vorbereitung Methode
Pentachlorophenol can be produced by the chlorination of phenol in the presence of AlCl3, or by hydrolysis of hexachlorobenzene with NaOH in methanol.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
A white crystalline solid. Slightly soluble in water. Noncombustible. Toxic by inhalation, ingestion, and skin absorption. Used as a fungicide and as a wood preservative.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Slightly soluble in water.
Reaktivität anzeigen
Pentachlorophenol may react with strong oxidizing agents. Incompatible with strong bases, acid chlorides and acid anhydrides. Forms salts with alkaline metals. Solutions in oil cause natural rubber to deteriorate, but synthetic rubber may be used in equipment and for protective clothing .
Health Hazard
Dust or vapor irritates skin and mucous membranes, causing coughing and sneezing. Ingestion causes loss of appetite, respiratory difficulties, anesthesia, sweating, coma. Overexposure can cause death.
Brandgefahr
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Generates toxic and irritating vapors.
Landwirtschaftliche Anwendung
Fungicide, Herbicide, Slimicide, Wood
preservative: Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a commercially produced
insecticide, fungicide, and slimicide. Since 1984 it
has been restricted to certified applicators and is no longer
available to the general public. It is primarily used to protect
timber from fungal rot and wood-boring insects, but
may also be used as a pre-harvest defoliant in cotton, a general
pre-emergence herbicide, and as a biocide in industrial
water systems. Not approved for use in EU countries.
Not registered for use in the U.S. There are 48 global
suppliers.
Handelsname
(The U.S. EPA lists 626 active and canceled/
transferredlabelsforthischemical) CHEM-TOL®; CHLON®;
CHLOROPHEN®; CRYPTOGIL OL®; DOWCIDE® 7;
DOWICIDE® 7; DOW PENTACHLOROPHENOL DP-2
ANTIMICROBIAL®; DURA TREET II®; DUROTOX®;
EP 30®; FORPEN-50®; FUNGIFEN®; GLAZDPENTA
®; GRUNDIER ARBEZOL®; LAUXTOL®;
LIROPREM®; ONTRACK WE HERBICIDE®; ORTHO
TRIOX®; OSMOSE WPC®; PENTACHLOROPHENOL,
DOWICIDE EC-7®; PENTACHLOROPHENOL, DP-
2®; PENTACON®; PENTA-KIL®; PENTA READY®;
PENTASOL®; PENWAR®; PERATOX®; PERMACIDE®;
PERMAGARD®; PERMASAN®; PERMATOX DP-
2®PERMATOX PENTA®; PERMITE®; POL NU®;
PREVENTOL P®; PRILTOX®; SANTOBRITE®;
SANTOPHEN®; SINITUHO®; TERM-I-TROL®;
THOMPSON'S WOOD FIX®; WATERSHED WP®;
WEEDONE®; WOODTREAT A®
Sicherheitsprofil
Confirmed human carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Human poison by ingestion. Poison experimentally by ingestion, skin contact, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous routes. An experimental teratogen. Other experimental reproductive effects. A skin irritant. Mutation data reported. Acute poisoning is marked by weakness with changes in respiration, blood pressure, and urinary output. Also causes dermatitis, convulsions, and collapse. Chronic exposure can cause liver and hdney injury. Dangerous; when heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of Cl-. See also CHLOROPHENOLS
mögliche Exposition
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a commercially
produced bactericide, fungicide, and slimicide
used primarily for the preservation of wood, wood
products; and other materials. As a chlorinated hydrocarbon,
its biological properties have also resulted in its
use as an herbicide, and molluscicide. Two groups can be expected to encounter the largest exposures. One involves
the small number of employees involved in the manufacture
of PCP. All of these are presently under industrial
health surveillance programs. The second and larger group
are the formulators and wood theaters. Exposure, hygiene
and industrial health practices can be expected to vary from
the small theaters to the larger companies. The principal
use as a wood preservative results in both point source
water contamination at manufacturing and wood preservation
sites and, conceivably, nonpoint source water contamination
through runoff wherever there are PCP-treated
lumber products exposing PCP to soil
Carcinogenicity
The IARC has determined that there is
limited evidence for carcinogenicity in humans
and sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in
experimental animals.
Environmental Fate
Biological. Under aerobic conditions, microbes in estuarine water partially dechlorinated pentachlorophenol to trichlorophenol (Hwang et al., 1986). The disappearance of
pentachlorophenol was studied in four aquaria with and without mud under aerobic and
anaerobic conditions. Potential biological and/or chemical products identified include
pentachloroanisole, 2,3,4,5-, 2,3,4,6- and 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol (Boyle et al.,
Pentachlorophenol degraded in anaerobic sludge to 3,4,5-trichlorophenol which was
further reduced to 3,5-dichlorophenol (Mikesell and Boyd, 1985). In activated sludge, only
0.2% of the applied amount was mineralized to carbon dioxide after 5 days (Freitag
Pentachlorophenol was statically incubated in the dark at 25°C with yeast extract and
settled domestic wastewater inoculum. Significant biooxidation was observed but with a
gradual adaptation over a 14-day period to achieve complete degradation at 5 mg/L
substrate cultures. At a concentration of 10 mg/L, it took 28 days for pentachlorophenol
to degrade completely (Tabak et al., 1981).
Melcer and Bedford (1988) studied the fate of pentachlorophenol in municipal activated
sludge reactor systems that were operated at solids retention times of 10 to 20 days and
hydraulic retention times of 120 days. Under these conditions, pentachloropheno
Stoffwechsel
Pentachlorophenol was metabolized in rats
by conjugation with glucuronic acid and eliminated as
the glucuronide. P450 catalyzed oxidative dechlorination
also occurred to form tetrachlorohydroquinone, and this
was conjugated to form a monoglucuronide representing
27% of the dose administered. Other metabolites
have been reported, including isomeric tetrachlorophenols,
tetrachlorocatechol and tetrachlororesorcinol. Trace
amounts of benzoquinones were also noted.
Metabolites in female rats were tetrachloromonophenols,
diphenols, and hydroquinones.
Versand/Shipping
UN3155 Pentachlorophenol, Hazard Class: 6.1;
Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.
läuterung methode
Crystallise it twice from toluene/EtOH. Sublime it in vacuo.[Beilstein 6 IV 1025.]
Inkompatibilitäten
Reacts violently with strong oxidizers,
acids, alkalies, and water.
Waste disposal
Consult with environmental
regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal
practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant
(≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing
storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal.
In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations
for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must
be disposed properly by following package label directions
or by contacting your local or federal environmental
control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office.
Incineration (600°to 900°C) coupled with acequate scrubbing
and ash disposal facilities. Alternatively pentachlorophenol
Pentachlorphenol Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
