Sulforaphene

Pharmacological action

Sulforaphene, or raphanin, is the main sulfur component found in radish seeds of Raphanus sativus and is also found in broccoli and red cabbage. It was first described by G. Ivanovics and S. Horvath in 1947. Sulforaphene inhibits activity of viruses, some fungi and various bacteria including Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pneumococcus and Escherichia coli. The effect is stronger against Gram-positive than Gram-negative bacteria and against DNA than RNA viruses; it is suppressed by serum and by sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide, mercaptoacetic acid, cystine and glutathione. The antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral effects from consuming radishes were recognized in traditional Chinese medicine. However, in the abstract to his 1947 paper, Ivanovics noted that because sulforaphene is highly toxic, it did not "hold the promise of a useful therapeutic agent".

Cancer Treatment

Sulforaphene may be a potential anti-triple negative breast cancer natural compound and its antiproliferation effects may be mediated by tumor suppressor Egr1; it has chemotherapeutic potential, it promotes Bax/Bcl2, MAPK-dependent human gastric cancer AGS cells apoptosis and inhibits migration via EGFR, p-ERK1/2 down-regulation; it enhances radiosensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma through suppression of the NF-κB pathway. Sulforaphene has anti-proliferative and antibacterial properties. Sulforaphene also has herbicidal activity, the ED50 of it against velvetleaf seedlings was approximately 2×10^-4 M.

Chemical Properties

Brown liquid, soluble in methanol, ethanol, DMSO and other organic solvents, from broccoli Brassica oleracea L. var. italic Planch. seeds; cabbage Brassica oleracea var. capitata; carrot.

Uses

Sulforaphene is an extract from the seeds of Raphanus sativus and displays anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity.

Synthesis Reference(s)

Tetrahedron, 22, p. 2139, 1966 DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4020(01)82133-5

in vivo