二硝酸水銀(II) 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
性質
【Ⅰ】硝酸水銀(Ⅰ)：Hg2(NO3)2(525.19)．過剰の水銀を冷希硝酸に溶かすと得られる．水溶液からは二水和物(単斜晶系)を晶出する．密度4.8 g cm－3．水に易溶．水溶液は加水分解して淡黄色のHg(NO3)OHを析出する．空気による酸化を防ぐには水銀と共存させる．分析試薬，タンパク質の分析に用いる．有毒．[CAS 7782-86-7:HgNO3･H2O][CAS 14836-60-3:Hg2(NO3)2･2H2O]【Ⅱ】硝酸水銀(Ⅱ)：Hg(NO3)2(324.60)．水銀に過剰の熱硝酸を反応させて，溶液を濃縮すると0.5水和物が得られる．融点79 ℃．密度4.3 g cm－3．潮解性で，水で十分に希釈すると完全に酸化水銀と水銀に分解する．水溶液での保存は硝酸酸性とする必要がある．医薬品，有機化合物のニトロ化，酸化剤，フェルト製造に用いられる．有毒．[CAS 10045-94-0:Hg(NO3)2][CAS 7783-34-8:Hg(NO3)2･H2O][CAS 10045-94-0:Hg(NO3)2･nH2O]
反応性
水銀の硝酸塩。一価および二価水銀の化合物が知られている。(1)硝酸水銀(Ⅰ) 冷希硝酸に水銀を過剰に溶かし、濃縮すると得られる無色の結晶。強く熱すると爆発する。加水分解しやすく、水溶液は酸性。有毒。冷暗所に貯蔵。タンパク分析に用いられる。(2)硝酸水銀(Ⅱ) 水銀に過剰の濃硝酸を加えて熱し、蒸発させると一（半）水和物が得られる。無色潮解性結晶。アンモニア水、アセトンに溶け、エタノール（エチルアルコール）に不溶。有毒。冷暗所に密栓して貯蔵。触媒、酸化剤としての用途がある。［中原勝儼］[補完資料] | 硝酸水銀（データノート1） | 硝酸水銀（データノート2）小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ) ）
化学的特性
Mercuric nitrate is a white to yellowish crystalline solid with an odor like nitric acid. Normally exists
as the hemihydrate or the dihydrate
使用
Nitration of aromatic organic compounds, felt
manufacture, mercury fulminate manufacturing.
一般的な説明
A white crystalline solid. Toxic by inhalation, ingestion and/or skin contact. Prolonged exposure to fire or heat may result in an explosion. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen when heated to decomposition. Used to make other chemicals and in medicine.
空気と水の反応
Deliquescent. Soluble in a small amount of water. With much water or on boiling with water, an insoluble basic salt is formed.
反応プロフィール
MERCURIC NITRATE is noncombustible, but, as an oxidizing agent, will accelerate the burning of combustible materials. If large quantities are involved in a fire or the combustible material is finely divided, an explosion may result. Light sensitive. Mixtures with alkyl esters may explode, owing to the formation of alkyl nitrates. Mixtures with phosphorus, tin(II) chloride, or other reducing agents may react explosively [Bretherick 1979. p. 108-109]. Acetylene forms a sensitive acetylide when passed into an aqueous solution of MERCURIC NITRATE [Mellor 4:933. 1946-47]. Should not be mixed with alcohols as explosive mercury fulminates may be formed [Bahme 1961. p. 9]. Is violently reduced by hypophosphoric acid [Mellor 4:993. 1946-47]. Reacts with phosphine to give a yellow precipitate that explodes when heated or subjected to shock [Mellor 4:993. 1946-47].
危険性
Dangerous fire risk in contact with organic
materials. Very toxic.
健康ハザード
Acute systemic poisoning may be fatal within a few minutes; death by uremic poisoning is usually delayed 5-12 days. Acute poisoning has resulted from inhaling dust concentrations of 1.2-8.5 mg/m 3 of air; symptoms inc lude tightness and pain in chest, coughing, and difficulty in breathing. Ingestion causes necrosis, pain, vomiting, and severe purging. Contact with eyes causes ulceration of conjunctiva and cornea. Contact with skin causes irritation and po ssible dermatitis; systemic poisoning can occur by absorption through skin.
安全性プロファイル
Poison by ingestion,
skin contact, intraperitoneal, and
subcutaneous routes. A powerful oxidizer.
Probably an eye, skin, and mucous
membrane irritant. Reacts with acetylene to form the explosive mercury acetylide whch
is sensitive to heat, friction, or contact with
sulfuric acid. Reaction with ethanol forms
the explosive mercury fulrmnate. Reaction
with isobutene forms an unstable explosive
product. Forms explosive mixtures with
phosphine (heatand impact-sensitive),
potassium cyanide (heat-sensitive), and
sulfur. Violent reaction with phosphinic
acid, hypophosphoric acid, unsaturated
hydrocarbons, aromatics. Vigorous reaction
with petroleum hydrocarbons. When heated
to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes
of Hg and NOx. See also MERCURY
COMPOUNDS, INORGANIC; and
NITRATES.
職業ばく露
Mercuric nitrate is used in making
other chemicals; in felt manufacture and in making mercury
fulminate
輸送方法
UN1625 Mercuric nitrate, Hazard Class: 6.1;
Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.
不和合性
A strong oxidizer. Reacts violently with
combustibles, petroleum hydrocarbons; reducing agents;
aldehydes, ammonia, ketones, phosphorus. Reacts with
acetylene, alcohol, phosphine, and sulfur to form shocksensitive compounds. Aqueous solution attacks most
metals. Vigorous and dangerous reaction with petroleum
hydrocarbons. Incompatible with organic materials;
acetylene, ethanol, phosphine, sulfur, hypophosphoric acid.
Inorganic mercury compounds are incompatible with acetylene, ammonia, chlorine dioxide; azides, calcium (amalgam
formation), sodium carbide; lithium, rubidium, copper.
Decomposes in heat or on exposure to light, producing
toxic fumes (mercury, nitrogen oxides)
二硝酸水銀(II) 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品