3-メチルペンタン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
無色～うすい黄色, 澄明の液体
溶解性
エタノール及びアセトンに溶け、水にほとんど溶けない。
用途
有機合成用の溶媒、標準等。
化学的特性
3-Methylpentane, C6H14, is a colorless, flammable liquid
with specific gravity 0.664. It occurs in petroleum and
natural gas, and may be released to the environment in
evaporative losses, wastewater, spills, and combustion
exhaust.
物理的性質
Clear, colorless, flammable liquid with an odor similar to hexane, heptane, and similar aliphatic
hydrocarbons. An odor threshold concentration of 8.9 ppm
v was reported by Nagata and Takeuchi
(1990).
使用
3-Methylpentane is a component of three typical commercial
hexanes, obtained from the fractionation of
natural gas liquids, a refinery operation involving hydrogenation,
and a stream meeting polymerization.
Other than for fuel, it is used in extraction of oil from
seeds and as a solvent and reaction medium in the manufacture
of polyolefins, synthetic rubbers, and some
pharmaceuticals.
危険性
Flammable, dangerous fire risk.
安全性プロファイル
May have narcotic or
anesthetic properties. A very dangerous fire
hazard when exposed to heat or flame; can
react vigorously with oxidizing materials.
Explosive in the form of vapor when
exposed to heat or flame. To fight fire, use
foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and
irritating fumes.
環境運命予測
Photolytic. The following rate constants were reported for the reaction of 3-methylpentane and
OH radicals in the atmosphere: 4.30 x 10
-9 cm
3/molecule?sec at 300 K (Darnall et al., 1976); 6.8 x
10
-12 cm
3/molecule?sec at 305 K (Darnall et al., 1978); 5.7 x 10
-12 cm
3/molecule?sec (Altshuller,
1991).
Chemical/Physical. Complete combustion in air produces carbon dioxide and water vapor. 3-
Methylpentane will not hydrolyze because it does not contain a hydrolyzable functional group.
純化方法
Purify it by azeotropic distillation with MeOH, as for 2-methylpentane. Purify it for ultraviolet spectroscopy by passing it through columns of silica gel or alumina activated by heating for 8hours at 210o under a stream of nitrogen. Alternatively treat it with conc (or fuming) H2SO4, then wash it with water, aqueous 5% NaOH, water again, then dry (CaCl2, then sodium), and distil it through a long, glass helices-packed, column. [Beilstein 1 IV 363.]
3-メチルペンタン 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品