KANAMYCIN

KANAMYCIN C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

용도

Kanamycin A is an antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus Okami & Umezawa from Japanese soil. Comprised of three components, kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, two minor congeners. Antibacterial.

Indications

Kanamycin, O-3-amino-3-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-O-[6-deoxy- 6-amino-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)]–2-deoxy-D-streptamine (32.4.6), is isolated from a culture fluid of the actinomycete Streptomyces kanamyceticus, which produces three antibiotics—kanamycins A, B, and C.
Kanamycin A is similar to streptomycin and neomycines, and it possesses a broad spectrum of antimicrobial action. It is active with respect to most Gram-positive and Gramnegative microorganisms (staphylococci, colon bacillus, klebisella, Fridlender’s bacillus, proteus, shigella, salmonella).
It is used to treat sepsis, meningitis, osteomyelitis, peritonitis, pneumonia, pyelonephritis, pyelocystitis, infected wounds, and post-operational, purulent complications that are caused by microorganisms sensitive to this drug. Kanamycin is used to treat tuberculosis of the lungs and other organs upon resistance to other antituberculosis drugs. Synonyms of this drug are karmycin, kamaxin, resistomycin, and many others.

Antimicrobial activity

It is active against staphylococci, including methicillin-resistant strains. Other aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive cocci and most Gram-positive rods are resistant, but M. tuberculosis is susceptible. It is widely active against most aerobic Gram-negative rods, except Burkholderia cepacia and Sten. maltophilia. Treponema pallidum, Leptospira and Mycoplasma spp. are all resistant.

원료

Resistance is usually plasmid borne and due to enzymatic inactivation of the drug by enzymes that also inactivate gentamicin or tobramycin . Resistance due to reduced permeability is also encountered.

Pharmacokinetics

C_max 500 mg intramuscular： c.15–20 mg/L after 1 h
Plasma half-life: 2.5 h
Volume of distribution: 0.3 L/kg
Plasma protein binding: Low
Absorption and distribution
Very little is absorbed from the intestinal tract. The peak plasma concentration in the neonate is dose related: concentrations of 8–30 mg/L (mean 18 mg/L) have been found 1 h after a 10 mg/kg dose. The drug is confined to the extracellular fluid. The concentration in serous fluids is said to equal that in the plasma, but it does not enter the CSF in therapeutically useful concentrations even in the presence of meningeal inflammation.
Excretion
It is excreted almost entirely by the kidneys, almost exclusively in the glomerular filtrate. Up to 80% of the dose appears unchanged in the urine over the first 24 h, producing concentrations around 100–500 mg/L. It is retained in proportion to reduction in renal function. Less than 1% of the dose appears in the bile. In patients receiving 500 mg intramuscularly preoperatively, concentrations of 2–23 mg/L have been found in bile and 8–14 mg/kg in gallbladder wall.

Clinical Use

Formerly used for severe infection with susceptible organisms, it has largely been superseded by other aminoglycosides.

부작용

Intramuscular injections are moderately painful, and minor side effects similar to those encountered with streptomycin have been described. Eosinophilia in the absence of other manifestations of allergy occurs in up to 10% of patients. Other manifestations of hypersensitivity are rare.
As with other aminoglycosides, the most important toxic effects are on the eighth nerve and much less frequently on the kidney. Renal damage is seen principally in patients with pre-existing renal disease or treated concurrently or sequentially with other potentially nephrotoxic agents. The drug accumulates in the renal cortex, producing cloudy swelling, which may progress to acute necrosis of proximal tubular cells with oliguric renal failure. Less dramatic deterioration of renal function, particularly exaggeration of the potential nephrotoxicity of other drugs or of existing renal disease, is of principal importance because it increases the likelihood of ototoxicity.
Vestibular damage is uncommon but may be severe and prolonged. Hearing damage is usually bilateral, and typically affects frequencies above the conversational range. Acute toxicity is most likely in patients in whom the plasma concentration exceeds 30 mg/L, but chronic toxicity may be seen in patients treated with the drug over long periods. Auditory toxicity may be potentiated by concurrent treatment with potent diuretics like ethacrynic acid. If tinnitus – which usually heralds the onset of auditory injury – develops, the drug should be withdrawn.
Neuromuscular blockade is seen particularly in patients receiving other muscle relaxants or suffering from myasthenia gravis and may be reversed by neostigmine.

KANAMYCIN 준비 용품 및 원자재

원자재

준비 용품

KANAMYCIN 공급 업체

공급자	전화	이메일	국가	제품 수	이점
Hebei Mojin Biotechnology Co., Ltd	+8613288715578	sales@hbmojin.com	China	12456	58
Henan Suikang Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.	+8618239973690	sales@suikangpharm.com	China	178	58
Hubei Jusheng Technology Co.,Ltd.	18871490254	linda@hubeijusheng.com	CHINA	28180	58
Hebei Guanlang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.	+86-19930503282	alice@crovellbio.com	China	8823	58
Standardpharm Co. Ltd.	86-714-3992388	overseasales1@yongstandards.com	United States	14336	58
Shaanxi Dideu Medichem Co. Ltd	+86-29-87569265 +86-18612256290	1056@dideu.com	China	3581	58
TargetMol Chemicals Inc.	+1-781-999-5354 +1-00000000000	marketing@targetmol.com	United States	19892	58
Career Henan Chemica Co	+86-0371-86658258 15093356674;	laboratory@coreychem.com	China	30255	58
Hefei TNJ Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.	0551-65418671	sales@tnjchem.com	China	34572	58
ANHUI WITOP BIOTECH CO., LTD	+8615255079626	eric@witopchemical.com	China	23556	58

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