삼불화염소(가스)

삼불화염소(가스) 속성

삼불화염소(가스) C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

화학적 성질

Chlorine trifluoride is a greenish yellow, almost colorless, liquid (below 12C/53F), or colorless gas with a sweet, irritating odor. Shipped as a liquefied compressed gas.

물리적 성질

Colorless gas; sweetish but suffocating odor; density of the liquid 1.77 g/mL at 13°C; condenses to a greenish yellow liquid at 11.75°C; freezes to a white solid at -76.3°C; reacts violently with water.

용도

Chlorine trifluoride is used as a fluorinatingagent, as a rocket propellant, in processingof nuclear reactor fuel, and in incendiaries.It is also used as an inhibitor of pyrolysis offluorocarbon polymers.

일반 설명

A colorless gas or green liquid with a pungent odor. Boils at 53°F. CHLORINE TRIFLUORIDE reacts with water to form chlorine and hydrofluoric acid with release of heat. Contact with organic materials may result in spontaneous ignition. CHLORINE TRIFLUORIDE is corrosive to metals and tissue. Prolonged exposure to low concentrations or short term exposure to high concentrations may result in adverse health effects. Under prolonged exposure to fire or intense heat the container may violently rupture and rocket.

공기와 물의 반응

A violent reaction occurs with water or ice generating acidic HF and chlorine, [Sidgwick, 1156(1950)]. The release of CHLORINE TRIFLUORIDE to the atmosphere rapidly generates two toxic reaction products: HF and Chlorine Dioxide, [Lombardi, D.A. and M.D. Cheng 1996. "Modeling Accidental Releases of CHLORINE TRIFLUORIDE to the Atmosphere," Paper No. 96-WP66B.02, presented at the 89th Annual Meeting of the Air and Waste Management Association, Nashville, Tennessee, June 23-26].

위험도

Explodes in contact with organic materials or with water. Dangerous fire risk. A poison, very toxic, corrosive to skin. Lung damage, eye, and upper respiratory tract irritant. Questionable carcinogen.

건강위험

Chlorine trifluoride is a severe irritant tothe skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.Exposure to this gas can cause lung dam age. A 30-minute exposure to 400 ppm waslethal to rats. It decomposes in the presenceof moisture to chlorine, chlorine dioxide,and hydrogen fluoride, all of which arehighly toxic. Chronic inhalation study on ani mals for a period of 6 months (6 hours/day,5 days/week) indicated that at an exposurelevel of nearly 1 ppm the early symptomswere sneezing, salivation, and expulsionof frothy fluid from the mouth and nose(ACGIH 1986). This progressed to mus cle weakness, pneumonia, and lung damage.Some animals died.
In humans, exposure to this gas can pro duce severe injury to the eyes, skin, andrespiratory tract, and pulmonary edema. Theliquid is severely corrosive to the skin andeyes. Skin contact can cause painful burns.

화재위험

Nonflammable gas; dangerously reactive. Chlorine trifluoride reacts explosively with water, forming hydrogen fluoride and chlo rine. It reacts violently with most elements and common substances. Paper, cloth, wood, glass, wool, charcoal, and graphite burst into flame in contact with the liquid. The vapors, even when diluted, can set fire to organic compounds. Reactions with most metals are vigorous to violent, often caus ing a fire. It catches fire when mixed with phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, silicon, sul fur, selenium, tellurium, tungsten, osmium, and rhodium (Mellor 1946, Suppl. 1956). Among the alkali- and alkaline–earth metals, reaction is violent with potassium at ordinary temperatures, and with sodium, calcium, or magnesium it reacts violently at elevated temperatures. Violent reaction occurs with oxides, sulfides, halides, and carbides of metals, causing flames. Chlorine trifluoride attacks sand, glass, and asbestos. Prolonged contact can ignite glass. Explosive reactions occur with many common gases, includ ing hydrogen, lower hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and sulfur dioxide. Reactions with mineral acids and alkalies are violent.
In case of a small fire involving chlorine trifluoride, use a dry chemical or water spray in large amounts (NFPA 1997). Allow large fires to burn. Avoid contact of chlorine trifluoride with the body or with protective clothing.

잠재적 노출

Chlorine trifluoride is used as a fluorinating agent. It may be used as an igniter and propellant in rockets. It is used in nuclear fuel processing.

저장

Chlorine trifluoride is stored and shippedin special steel cylinders. It is stored inmoisture-free, cool, and isolated areas sepa rated from other chemicals. The cylinders arekept upright, covered, and protected againstphysical damage.

운송 방법

UN1749 Chlorine trifluoride, Hazard class: 2.3; Labels: 2.3-Poisonous gas, 5.1-Oxidizer, 8-Corrosive material, Inhalation Hazard Zone B. Cylinders must be transported in a secure upright position, in a well-ventilated truck. Protect cylinder and labels from physical damage. The owner of the compressed gas cylinder is the only entity allowed by federal law (49CFR) to transport and refill them. It is a violation of transportation regulations to refill compressed gas cylinders without the express written permission of the owner.

Purification Methods

Impurities include chloryl fluoride, chlorine dioxide and hydrogen fluoride. Passed it first through two U-tubes containing NaF to remove HF, then through a series of traps in which the liquid is fractionally distilled. It can be purified via the KF complex; KClF4, formed by adding excess ClF3 to solid KF in a stainless steel cylinder in a dry-box and shaking overnight. After pumping out the volatile materials, pure ClF3 is obtained by heating the bomb to 100-150o and condensing the evolved gas in a -196o trap [Schack et al. Chem Ind (London) 545 1967]. It attacks glass very vigorously. HIGHLY TOXIC.

비 호환성

A powerful oxidizer. Keep away from acids. Most combustible materials ignite spontaneously on contact with chlorine trifluoride. Explodes on contact with organic materials. The liquid can explode if mixed with halocarbons or hydrocarbons. It reacts violently with oxidizable materials, finely divided metals and metal oxides; sand, glass, asbestos, silicon-containing compounds. Emits highly toxic fumes on contact with acids. Chlorine trifluoride decomposes above 220C, forming Thermal decomposition products may include hydrogen chloride and HF. Reacts violently with water, forming chlorine gas and hydrofluoric acid. Reacts with most forms of plastics, rubber, coatings, and resins; except the highly fluorinated polymers, such as Teflon and “K el-F.”

폐기물 처리

Return refillable compressed gas cylinders to supplier.

삼불화염소(가스) 준비 용품 및 원자재

원자재

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