β-グアニジノプロパン酸

プロパティ

安全情報

説明

3-Guanidinopropionic acid is a creatine analog that alters skeletal muscle energy expenditure. It reduces cellular ATP, creatine, and phosphocreatine levels and stimulates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), activating PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α). PGC-1α activation results in enhanced expression of AMPK, as well as genes for oxidative phosphorylation, electron transport chain, and mitochondrial biogenesis, increasing oxidative muscle fibers, numbers of mitochondria, and motor performance. 3-Guanidinopropionic acid evokes a shift from glycolytic to oxidative metabolism, increased cellular glucose uptake, and increased fatigue tolerance. In aged rats, reduced mitochondrial biogenesis in response to chronic activation of AMPK with 3-guanidinopropionic acid leads to metabolic insufficiency that can contribute to muscle loss.