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| 化学名: | 亜硝酸アミル | | 英語化学名: | Pentyl nitrite | | 别名: | N-PENTYL NITRITE 97+%;N-Phenyl nitrile;itramyl;1-(Nitrosooxy)pentane;Nitrous acid amyl ester;Pentyl nitrite, 95.0%(GC);n-Pentyl nitrite for synthesis;Nitramyl | | CAS番号: | 463-04-7 | | 分子式: | C5H11NO2 | | 分子量: | 117.15 | | EINECS: | 207-332-7 | | カテゴリ情報: | | | Mol File: | 463-04-7.mol |  |
| 沸点 | 104-105°C | | 比重(密度) | 0,86 g/cm3 | | 蒸気密度 | 4 | | 蒸気圧 | 65 hPa (20 °C) | | 屈折率 | 1.3880-1.3910 | | 闪点 | -40°C | | 貯蔵温度 | Store at +2°C to +8°C. | | 溶解性 | Decomposes in contact with water,Practically insoluble in water | | 外見 | clear liquid | | 色 | Clear, yellowish liquid | | 臭い (Odor) | peculiar, ethereal, fruityodor and pungent, aromatic taste | | 水溶解度 | 3.97g/L | | 安定性： | Light Sensitive, Volatile | | LogP | 2.85 | | CAS データベース | 463-04-7(CAS DataBase Reference) | | NISTの化学物質情報 | Amyl nitrite(463-04-7) | | EPAの化学物質情報 | Amyl nitrite (463-04-7) |
| | 亜硝酸アミル Usage And Synthesis |
| 外観 | うすい黄色～黄色～黄赤色透明液体 | | 種類 | 亜硝酸n-アミルと亜硝酸イソアミルは、どちらも亜硝酸アミル (Amyl Nitrite) の名称で販売されていますが、化学試薬の場合は、併記されている別名やCAS登録番号で見分けることが可能です。例えば、亜硝酸ペンチル (Pentyl Nitrite)は亜硝酸n-アミルのことを指し、亜硝酸イソペンチル (Isoamyl Nitrite)は亜硝酸イソアミルを指します。また、亜硝酸アミルの名前で販売されている医薬品は、亜硝酸イソアミルを主成分とします。
ただし、亜硝酸イソアミルは、中枢神経系に作用することから、平成19年より指定薬物として扱われている物質です。 | | 化学的性質 | 亜硝酸アミルは、亜硝酸とアルコールとのエステル化反応により合成されます。また、亜硝酸アミルは、塩基存在下では加水分解されて元のアルコールと亜硝酸塩を与えます。
合成的にも利用可能な物質です。脂溶性を利用して、第一級アミンを有機溶媒系でジアゾ化したり、第二級アミンをN-ニトロソ化したりするために用いられています。代表的な例に、ベンゼンジアゾニウムを経由して芳香環上の水素をハロゲン置換する、ザンドマイヤー反応があります。 | | 解説 | 亜硝酸イソペンチルともいう。イソアミルアルコールの亜硝酸エステル。（CH3）2CHCH2CH2ONOを主成分とする淡黄色の液体。0.1〜0.3mlを布片に吸収させ鼻孔にあてて吸入させると即効的に発作をやわらげる。大量に吸入すると呼吸障害を起こす。青酸中毒の応急処置などにも用いる。
株式会社平凡社 百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 | | 用途 | 冠状血管拡張作用があり，狭心症に用いる。 | | 説明 | Amyl nitrites are flammable, yellowishliquid with a penetrating, fruity odor. Molecularweight= 117.17; Boiling point= 104℃; Specific gravity(H2O:1)= 0.8758 at 20℃; Liquid surface tension= 5 (estimate) 0.020 N/m at 20℃; Liquid water interfacialtension 5 (estimate) 0.040 N/m at 20℃; Relative vapordensity (air= 1) 5 4; Ratio of specific heats of vapor(gas) 5 1.0709; Latent heat of vaporization=4.94 3 105 J/kg; Heat of combustion 5 2 290 3 105 J/kg;Vapor pressure= (estimate) 27 mmHg; 3.48 kPa at 20℃;Flash point= 3℃ (n-); 3℃ (iso-); Autoignitiontemperature= 209°210℃. Hazard Identification (basedon NFPA-704 M Rating System): Health 1, Flammability-,Reactivity 2. Floats on water; very slightly soluble;decomposes. | | 化学的特性 | Amyl nitrites are flammable, yellowish liquid
with a penetrating, fruity odor. | | 使用 | Amyl Nitrite is used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. | | 定義 | ChEBI: A nitrite ester having n-pentyl as the alkyl group. | | 一般的な説明 | Amyl nitrite, isopentyl nitrite [(CH3)2CHCH2CH2ONO], isa mixture of isomeric amyl nitrites but is principally isoamylnitrite. It may be prepared from amyl alcohol and HNO2 byseveral procedures. Usually, amyl nitrite is dispensed in ampul form and used by inhalation or orally in alcohol solution.Currently, it is recommended for treating cyanide poisoning;although not the best antidote, it does not require intravenousinjections.
Amyl nitrite is a yellowish liquid with an ethereal odor anda pungent taste. It is volatile and inflammable at room temperature.Amyl nitrite vapor forms an explosive mixture in air oroxygen. Inhalation of the vapor may involve definite explosionhazards if a source of ignition is present, as both roomand body temperatures are within the flammability range ofamyl nitrite mixtures with either air or oxygen. It is nearly insolublein water but is miscible with organic solvents. The nitritealso will decompose in valeric acid and nitric acid. | | 一般的な説明 | A clear colorless to yellowish liquid with a fragrant, fruity odor and pungent aromatic taste. Flash point below 73°F. Boiling point 205-210°F (96-99°C). Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Hence floats on water. Vapors are heavier than air. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion. Used in medicine and to make other chemicals. | | 空気と水の反応 | Highly flammable. Decomposes on exposure to air, light, or water. Many, but not all, will be colorless flammable toxic gases. Insoluble in water. Reaction with moisture in air or with water produces nitric acid. | | 反応プロフィール | Pentyl nitrite is an oxidizing agent. May begin a vigorous reaction that culminates in a detonation if mixed with reducing agents, including hydrides, sulfides and nitrides. | | 健康ハザード | Inhalation or ingestion causes flushing of the face, pulsatile headache, disturbing tachycardia, cyanosis (methemoglobinemia), weakness, confusion, restlessness, faintness, and collapse. Contact with eyes or skin causes irritation. | | 燃焼性と爆発性 | Flammable | | 使用用途 | 亜硝酸イソアミルは、狭心症等の心臓疾患薬や、シアン化物の解毒剤に用いられます。気化しやすいため、吸入薬としての使用が一般的です。また、もシアン化物と同様のメカニズムの毒性を有するため、硫化水素の解毒剤として使用されることもあります。
ごく少量を布片に吸収させ、鼻孔にあてて吸入させると即効的に発作をやわらげることが可能です。濫用により中枢神経系の興奮若しくは抑制又は幻覚の作用を起こす恐れがあるため、薬事法で指定薬物に指定されています。
| | 解毒の原理 | 亜硝酸アミルは、ヘモグロビンのヘム鉄のFe2+を酸化させてFe3+のメトヘモグロビンを形成します。この際、シアン化物イオン (CN-) が存在していると、メトヘモグロビンのFe3+と配位結合しシアンメトヘモグロビンとなります。
これによって、ミトコンドリアの酸化型のシトクロム酸化酵素複合体 (COX) のFe3+へのシアンの配位結合を防ぐことが可能で、有害事象が阻害されるというメカニズムです。さらに、を別に投与すると、シアンメトヘモグロビンから徐々に解離するシアンがチオ硫酸ナトリウムに結合してチオシアン酸になり、無毒化されます。 | | 安全性プロファイル | Moderately toxic by
inhalation and ingestion. Causes flushing of
skin, rapid pulse, headache, and fall in blood
pressure. Mutation data reported. See also
NITRITES and ESTERS. Flammable when
exposed to heat or flame or by spontaneous
chemical reaction. To fight fire, use alcohol
foam. An oxidizing material. Vapors
explode when heated. It will react with
oxidizing or reducing materials. When
heated to decomposition it emits toxic
fumes of NOx. | | 職業ばく露 | Amyl nitrite is used to make pharmaceuticals;
perfumes, diazonium compounds, and other
chemicals. | | 応急処置 | If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove anycontact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least15 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seekmedical attention immediately. If this chemical contactsthe skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately with soap and water. Seek medical attentionimmediately. If this chemical has been inhaled, removefrom exposure, begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing hasstopped and CPR if heart action has stopped. Transferpromptly to a medical facility. When this chemical hasbeen swallowed, get medical attention. Give large quantities of water and induce vomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit.Note to physician: Treat for methemoglobinemia.Spectrophotometry may be required for precise determination of levels of methemoglobinemia in urine. | | 貯蔵 | Color Code—Red: Flammability Hazard: Store ina flammable liquid storage area or approved cabinet awayfrom ignition sources and corrosive and reactive materials.Prior to working with this chemical you should be trainedon its proper handling and storage. Before entering confined space where amyl nitrite may be present, check tomake sure that an explosive concentration does not exist.Store in an explosion-proof refrigerator. Protect fromlight. Keep under an inert atmosphere. Metal containersinvolving the transfer of this chemical should be grounded and bonded. Where possible, automatically pump liquidfrom drums or other storage containers to process containers. Drums must be equipped with self-closing valves,pressure vacuum bungs, and flame arresters. Use only nonsparking tools and equipment, especially when openingand closing containers of this chemical. Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open flames, are prohibitedwhere this chemical is used, handled, or stored in a mannerthat could create a potential fire or explosion hazard. | | 輸送方法 | UN1993 Flammable liquids, n.o.s., Hazard
Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid, Technical Name
Required. | | 不和合性 | Vapors may form explosive mixture with
air. Slowly decomposes in light, heat, and on contact with
water. A strong oxidizer. Contact with reducing agents and
easily oxidizable materials may cause fire and explosions.
Reported to be an explosion hazard when exposed to air and
light. Keep away from alcohols, antipyrine, alkaline materials;
alkaline carbonates; potassium iodide; bromides, and ferrous
salts. Attacks metals in the presence of moisture. | | 廃棄物の処理 | Incineration with scrubber to
remove nitrogen oxides from the combustion gases. |
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