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ChemicalBook Optimization Suppliers |
| 名前: |
Alfa Aesar |
| 電話番号: |
400-6106006 |
| 電子メール: |
saleschina@alfa-asia.com |
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| 融点 | 212 °C | | 沸点 | 30-80 °C | | 比重(密度) | 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C | | 屈折率 | n20/D 1.5916 | | 闪点 | >230 °F | | 貯蔵温度 | 2-8°C | | 溶解性 | Chloroform (Slightly, Sonicated) | | 外見 | powder | | 色 | White | | 水溶解度 | insoluble | | Dielectric constant | 24.0（Ambient） | | 安定性： | Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. | | InChIKey | ZJMWRROPUADPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N | | CAS データベース | 9003-53-6 | | IARC | 3 (Vol. 19, Sup 7) 1987 | | NISTの化学物質情報 | Polystyrene(9003-53-6) | | EPAの化学物質情報 | Polystyrene (9003-53-6) |
| 主な危険性 | Xi | | Rフレーズ | 41 | | Sフレーズ | 26-36/37/39-24/25 | | RIDADR | 2211 | | WGK Germany | 3 | | RTECS 番号 | WL6475000 | | TSCA | Yes | | 国連危険物分類 | 9 | | 容器等級 | III | | HSコード | 39039000 |
| | ポリスチレン Usage And Synthesis |
| 種類 | ポリスチレンの種類としては、一般用ポリスチレン、発泡ポリスチレン、耐衝撃性ポリスチレン、２軸延伸ポリスチレンシートがあります。
1. 一般用ポリスチレン
一般用ポリスチレンは、スチレンのみを原料とするもので価格が安く、バランスの取れた物性で多くの用途に用いられています。透明性が優れており、寸法精度がよく、容易に着色もできます。原料がスチレンのみであることからリサイクルしやすい材料です。
反面、耐熱温度は60～80℃程度と他のプラスチック樹脂と比べて熱に弱く、耐衝撃性が低い、酸、アルカリに対する耐性は高いが、油類に対する耐油性が低いといった弱点があります。
2. 発泡ポリスチレン
発泡ポリスチレンは、最終製品を成形する工程での加熱により発泡して膨らむ材料です。発泡スチロールという別名のほうが一般的です。ポリスチレンを製造する際に原料中に発泡剤を入れておくことで、成形時の熱で発泡します。発泡体であるため断熱性が高くかつ軽量であるため、日用品から建材まで幅広く使用されています。
3. 耐衝撃性ポリスチレン
耐衝撃性ポリスチレンは、ポリスチレンの重合の際にポリブタジエンなどのゴム成分を添加することにより、一般用ポリスチレンの耐衝撃性を改良したものです。耐衝撃性は一般用ポリスチレンの5~10倍に向上する反面、剛性や透明性が低くなるなどのデメリットがあります。成形性、耐薬品性は一般用ポリスチレンと同等です。
この耐衝撃性ポリスチレンと一般用ポリスチレンをブレンドしたものは、これらの中間的な性質を示すようになり、多種多様なグレードが存在します。
4. 二軸延伸ポリスチレンシート
二軸延伸ポリスチレンシートは、押出成形されたポリスチレンシートをさらに縦横の二軸方向に延伸して得られるシートです。二軸延伸することで分子が配向して、透明性、耐薬品性を損なうことなく、強度、耐衝撃性が向上します。主に、スーパーやコンビニなどで販売されているお弁当用の透明のフタなどの食品包装材料として使用されています。
| | 定義 | 本品は、スチレンの重合体であり、次の化学式で表される。 | | 溶解性 | ベンゼン及びトルエンに溶け、エタノール及び水に溶けない。 | | 解説 |
ポリスチレン，無色透明．密度1.05～1.07 g cm－3．ガラス転移温度82 ℃．nD23"1.60．引張強さ35～56 MPa．誘電率が小さく吸湿性がなく，熱流動性，熱安定性もよいため，代表的な熱可塑性樹脂として，電気および熱の絶縁材のほか，種々の日常用品に利用されている．
森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
| | 用途 | テレビ：キャビネット、フロントパネル 冷蔵庫：内張、仕板 | | 用途 | 成型材料。 | | 化粧品の成分用途 | 非水系増粘剤、皮膜形成剤 | | 製造 | ポリスチレン略称PS．スチレンの重合体で，スチレン樹脂，スチロール樹脂ともいう．工業的には，塊状重合，溶液重合，懸濁重合，乳化重合などの方法でつくられる． | | 主な用途／役割 | スチレンを重合させたもの。ポリスチレン樹脂用、ホットメルト接着剤用原料、粘着剤原料として使用される。 | | 化学的特性 | Poly(styrene) is white powder or beads, or clear solid.Polystyrene is rigid with excellent dimensional stability, has good chemical resistance to aqueous solutions, and is an extremely clear material.
Impact polystyrene contains polybutadiene added to reduce brittleness. The polybutadiene is usually dispersed as a discrete phase in a continuous polystyrene matrix. Polystyrene can be grafted onto rubber particles, which assures good adhesion between the phases. | | 化学的特性 | The specific gravity of general purpose and impact polystyrene is 1.05. It can vary for copolymers. It is higher for some specialty grades. Density varies slightly with pressure, but for practical purposes, the polymer is noncompressible. In terms of heat-resistance, deflection temperatures range from about 66 to 99 °C (170 to 215 °F), depending upon the formulation. Continuous resistance to heat for polystyrene is usually 60 to 80 °C (140 to 175 °F). Time and load have a significant influence on the useful service temperature of a part.
Polystyrene is nontoxic when free from additives and residuals. It has no nutritive value and does not support fungus or bacterial growth. Dimensional stability of polystyrene resins is excellent. Mold shrinkage is small. The low moisture absorption (about 0.02%) allows fabricated parts to maintain dimensions and strength in humid environments.
General-purpose polystyrene is water white, and transmission of visible light is about 90%. Modifiers reduce this property, and translucence results. The refractive index is about 1.59; critical angle about 39. Polystyrene molecules do not have the same optical properties in all directions. When molecules become oriented in a given direction during fabrication, a double refraction occurs and a birefringence effect can be observed if the part is examined through a polarized lens under a polarized light source. Injection moldings often exhibit birefringence in a random pattern. | | 使用 | Packaging film; molded parts for automobiles,
appliances, housewares, etc.; wire and cable coat-
ing; food container closures; coated and laminated
products; bottles; artificial grass and turfs; plastic pipe; wearing apparel (acid-dyed); fish nets; sur-
gical casts; strapping; synthetic paper; reinforced
plastics; nonwoven disposable filters. | | 使用 | Polystyrene latex microspheres are utilized in flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, and as calibration particles. It finds a use in the detection of trace amounts of antigens or antibodies in serum, urine, and cerebro-spinal fluids. It is also employed as a stimulus responsive particulate emulsifier for oil-in-water emulsion. | | 使用 | Containers, tubs, and trays formed from extruded impact polystyrene sheets are used for packaging a large variety of food. Biaxially oriented polystyrene film is thermoformed into blister packs, meat trays, container lids, and cookie, candy, pastry, and other food packages where clarity is required.
Housewares is another large segment of the use of polystyrenes. Refrigerator door liners and furniture panels are typical thermoformed impact polystyrene applications. Extruded profiles of solid or foamed impact polystyrene are used for mirror or picture frames, and moldings for construction applications.
General-purpose polystyrene is extruded either clear or embossed for room dividers, shower doors, glazings, and lighting applications. Injection molding of impact polystyrene is used for household items, such as flower pots, personal care products, and toys. General-purpose polystyrene is used for cutlery, bottles, combs, disposable tumblers, dishes, and trays. Injection blow molding can be used to convert polystyrene into bottles, jars, and other types of open containers.
Impact polystyrene with ignition-resistant additives is used for appliance housings, such as those for television and small appliances. Structural foam impact polystyrene modified with flame-retardant additives is used for business machine housings and in furniture because of its decorability and ease of processing. Consumer electronics, such as cassettes, reels, and housings, is a fast growing area for use of polystyrenes. Medical applications include sample collectors, petri dishes, and test tubes. In an effort to make homes and other buildings more energy efficient, the use of polystyrenes in extruded foam board with flame-retardant additives for walls and under slabs has experienced exceptional growth in recent years. Used as a sheeting material, extruded foam board complies with the requirements of the major building codes as well as federal and military specifications. | | 定義 | A synthetic
polymer made from styrene
(phenylethene). Expanded polystyrene is a
rigid foam used in packing and insulation. | | 製造方法 | Styrene may be polymerized by means of all four techniques by bulk, solution, suspension and emulsion polymerization.
Each of these methods is practised commercially, but solution polymerization is now the most extensively used. The four processes are described below.
(a) Bulk polymerization
In a common type of process, styrene is partially polymerized batch-wise by
heating the monomer (without added initiator) in large vessels at about 80°C
for 2 days until about 35% conversion is attained. The viscous solution of
polymer in monomer is then fed continuously into the top of a tower which is
some 25 feet high. The top of the tower is maintained at a temperature of
about 100°C, the centre at about 150°C and the bottom at about 180°C. As
the feed material traverses the temperature gradient, polymerization occurs
and fully polymerized material emerges from the base of the tower. The
reaction is controlled by a complex array of heating and cooling jackets and
coils with which the tower is fitted. The molten material is fed into an
extruder, extruded as filament and then cooled and chopped into granules.
Since the product contains few impurities, it has high clarity and good
electrical insulation properties. The polymer has a broader molecular weight
distribution than polymer prepared at one temperature.
(b) Solution polymerization
Continuous solution processes have found wide commercial utilization, the
main advantage over bulk methods being a lessening of the problems
associated with the movement and heat transfer of viscous masses. However,
the technique does require the added steps of solvent removal and recovery.
Typically, a mixture of monomer, solvent (3-12% ethylbenzene) and initiator
is fed into a train of three polymerization reactors, each with several heating
zones. The reaction temperature is progressively increased, rising from
110-130°C in the first reactor to 150-170°C in the last. The polymer solution
is then extruded as fine strands into a devolatilizing vessel. In this vessel,
which is at a temperature of 225°C, removal of solvent and unreacted
monomer takes place, being aided by the large surface area of the strands.
The molten material is fed into an extruder, extruded as filament, cooled and
chopped. It may be noted that this type of process is commonly regarded as a
continuous bulk process since the amount of solvent used is so small.
(c) Suspension polymerization
Suspension processes simplify the heat transfer problems associated with
bulk methods and, unlike solution methods, they do not involve solvent
removal and recovery. The disadvantages of the suspension technique are
that it requires the added step of drying and it does not readily lend itself to
continuous operation. Typically, polymerization is carried out batch-wise in
a stirred reactor, jacketed for heating and cooling.
Reaction temperature is about 90°C. When polymerization is complete, the
product, in the form of a slurry, is washed with hydrochloric acid and water
to remove suspending agent, centrifuged, dried in warm air (at about 60°C),
extruded and chopped.
(d) Emulsion polymerization
Emulsion processes are not used for making solid grades of polystyrene. This
is because these processes lead to polymer containing large quantities of soap
residues which impair the electrical insulation properties and optical clarity.
Emulsion polymerization does, however, find limited application in the
production of polystyrene latex used in water-based surface coatings. The
techniques employed are very similar to those used for other polymer latices,
e.g. poly(vinyl acetate) latex. | | 定義 | ChEBI: A polymer composed of repeating ethyl benzene groups. | | 定義 | poly styrene: A clear glasslike materialmanufactured by free-radicalpolymerization of phenylethene(styrene) using benzoyl peroxide asan initiator. It is used as both a thermaland electrical insulator and forpacking and decorative purposes. | | 一般的な説明 | Polystyrene (for GPC, 4,000) is a synthetic thermoplastic, that is attractive for a wide range of applications because of its properties such as low cost, rigidity, low specific weight, high chemical resistance, mechanical flexibility, biocompatibility and good processability. | | 危険性 | Questionable carcinogen. | | 使用用途 | ポリスチレンは、家電製品内部のプラスチック部分、食品の包装材料、レターケース、パソコンのハウジング、CDケース、ボールペンの軸など透明かつ剛性が高いことが必要なものや、液晶ディスプレイの拡散板やなど、汎用性の高いプラスチックであるため、使用用途は多岐にわたります。
発泡剤を添加した発泡ポリスチレンは、成形時に簡単に発泡させることが可能で、カップ麺容器やスーパーなどのお弁当・惣菜容器、建材用のなど断熱性を活かしたものに使用されています。
| | 工業用途 | Polystyrene is brittle at room temperature,becomes soft at 80°C, and is often modified bycopolymerization. Traditionally, it is used infilm form for capacitors, and it remains competitivefor this application. Poly styrene is alsoused for coaxial-cable insulation, but in woundstrip or bead form, because the solid is not veryflexible. | | 安全性プロファイル | Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data by implant. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. See also POLYMERS, IN SOLUBLE. | | 製造方法 | ポリスチレンの工業的な製造方法として、塊状重合、溶液重合、乳化重合、懸濁重合が挙げられます。なお、原料であるスチレンは、との加熱合成により得られます。
1. 塊状重合法
スチレンモノマーに重合開始剤を添加してそのまま加熱し重合させる方法です。
2. 溶液重合法
スチレンモノマーを反応不活性な有機溶媒に溶解させ、重合開始剤を添加して加熱し重合させる方法です。
3. 乳化重合法
スチレンモノマー、界面活性剤、水溶性重合開始剤、水を混合し、水中に乳化させた状態で加熱し重合する方法です。
4. 懸濁重合法
スチレンモノマー、懸濁安定剤、重合開始剤、水を混合し、水中に懸濁分散させた状態で加熱し重合する方法です。
参考文献
| | 純化方法 | Precipitate polystyrene repeatedly from CHCl3 or toluene solution by addition of MeOH. Dry it in vacuo. [Miyasaka et al. J Phys Chem 92 249 1988.] |
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