吉非罗齐杂质A
| 中文名称 | 吉非罗齐杂质A |
|---|---|
| 中文同义词 | 盐酸氯胍;N1-(4-氯苯基)-N5-异丙基双胍盐酸盐;盐酸氯胍 标准品;盐酸氯胍 USP标准品;盐酸丙胍;吉非罗齐杂质A (盐酸氯胍);盐酸氯胍,10 MM DMSO 溶液;氯胍盐酸盐 |
| 英文名称 | Chlorguanide Hydrochloride |
| 英文同义词 | Chloroquanil;Proguanil Hydrochloride (200 mg);IMidodicarboniMidic diaMide, N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N'-(1-Methylethyl) -, Hydrochloride (1:1);ChlorguanideHCl;1-(p-chlorophenyl)-5-isopropylbiguanidehydrochloride;1-(p-chlorophenyl)-5-isopropyl-biguanidmonohydrochloride;3359rp;chlorguanidehydrochloride |
| CAS号 | 637-32-1 |
| 分子式 | C11H17Cl2N5 |
| 分子量 | 290.19 |
| EINECS号 | 211-283-7 |
| 相关类别 | 标准品;Aromatics;Bases & Related Reagents;Intermediates & Fine Chemicals;Nucleotides;Pharmaceuticals;PALUDRINE |
| Mol文件 | 637-32-1.mol |
| 结构式 |  |
吉非罗齐杂质A 性质
| 熔点 | 249-2510C |
|---|---|
| 储存条件 | 2-8°C |
| 溶解度 | 乙腈：水：~1mg/mL(60/40) |
| 形态 | 固体 |
| 颜色 | White to off-white |
| 水溶解性 | acetonitrile: water: ~1mg/mL (60/40) |
| InChI | 1S/C11H16ClN5.ClH/c1-7(2)15-10(13)17-11(14)16-9-5-3-8(12)4-6-9;/h3-7H,1-2H3,(H5,13,14,15,16,17);1H |
| InChIKey | SARMGXPVOFNNNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | Cl.CC(C)NC(=N)NC(=N)Nc1ccc(Cl)cc1 |
Proguanil per se has only weak antimalarial activity
in vitro
(IC
50
=2.4-19 μM), and its effectiveness depends on the active metabolite Cycloguanil (IC
50
=0.5-2.5 nM). The Cycloguanil is a dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitor. The combination of Atovaquone and Proguanil is synergistic
in vitro
. Both drugs also have activity against gametocytes and pre-erythrocytic (hepatic) stages of malaria parasites.
Proguanil acts as a biguanide rather than as its metabolite Cycloguanil (a parasite dihydrofolate reductase [DHFR] inhibitor) to enhance the Atovaquone effect. Proguanil-mediated enhancement is specific for Atovaquone, since the effects of other mitochondrial electron transport inhibitors, such as Myxothiazole and Antimycin, are not altered by inclusion of Proguanil.
5-HT
3
receptor responses are reversibly inhibited by Proguanil, the metabolite 4-chlorophenyl-1-biguanide (CPB) and the active metabolite Cycloguanil (CG), with an IC
50
of 1.81, 1.48 and 4.36 μM, respectively.
Proguanil (p.o.; 2.9 mg/kg body weight; daily for 5 days and 6 weeks respectively) shows mild degenerative changes for five days, while shows severe degenerative changes for six weeks in wistar strain albino rats.
Serum testosterone level is significantly decreased for proguanil treatment rats.
Administration of Malarone (Atovaquone and Proguanil) to experimentally
B. gibsoni
infected two dogs in chronic stage and three dogs in acute stage results in decrease in parasitemia, and clinical improvements are observed.