| 外観 | 無色澄明の液体 |
| 性質 | チオシアン酸アンモニウムの融点は149℃、沸点 (分解) は170℃、密度は1.305です。水に溶けやすく、水に溶かすと吸熱反応します。やには溶けますが、には溶けません。チオシアン酸アンモニウム水溶液のpHは4.5~6.0で弱酸性を示します。
また、等の強塩基と混合するとを発生します。加熱するとアンモニア、、に分解されながら、を生成します。
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| 溶解性 | 水に易溶 (120g/100g水, 10℃)。アセトン, エタノールに可溶。水に極めて溶けやすく、エタノールに溶けやすい。 |
| 解説 | チオシアン酸アンモニウム (英: Ammonium thiocyanate) とは、無色または白色の無臭の潮解性のある結晶です。
化学式はNH4SCN、分子量は76.12、CAS登録番号は1762-95-4で表されるチオシアン酸のアンモニウム塩です。別名ロダン化アンモニウムとも呼ばれます。
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| 用途 | Fe,Coの比色定量、標準液調製原料、薬品合成原料。 |
| 用途 | 分析試薬、合成原料、写真用原材料。 |
| 用途 | マッチ、繊維の染色、絹の強度改良剤、分析用検出剤(FE,AG, HG)、中間物、殺虫剤殺菌剤等、その他無機化学製品 |
| 合成 | 製法は、二硫化炭素とアンモニア水との反応によって合成できます。ジチオカルバミン酸アンモニウムがこの反応の中間体として形成し、加熱するとチオシアン酸アンモニウムと硫化水素に分解します。
CS2 + 2NH3(aq) → NH2C( = S)SNH4 → NH4SCN + H2S |
| 主な用途／役割 | カゼイン系接着剤に粘度調整効果がある。 |
| 使用上の注意 | 潮解性がある。 |
| 説明 | Ammonium thiocyanate is a colorless solid which absorbs moisture and becomes liquid. Molecularweight= 76.12; Boiling point= 115℃; Freezing/Meltingpoint=160℃, decomposes at 170℃; Heat of solution=3.1 3 105 J/kg. Hazard Identification (based on NFPA-704 M Rating System): Health 2, Flammability 1,Reactivity 1, Corrosive. Soluble in water. |
| 化学的特性 | Ammonium thiocyanate is a colorless solid
which absorbs moisture, becoming liquid, known as the
“liquor.” |
| 化学的特性 | colourless or white crystals or powder |
| 使用 | Used as a determination of iron, mercury, and silver. |
| 使用 | Applied in the formation of novel two-dimensional Cd-SCN coordination solids with unusual and tailorable, checkerboard- or herringbone-patterned structures these structures are important steps toward technologically useful materials.1 |
| 使用 | Colorless deliquescent crystals made by boiling an aqueous
solution of ammonium cyanide with sulfur or polysulfides.
It must be kept in a well-sealed container. The principal use
for ammonium thiocyanate was in gold-toning formulas, but
it was also used in a 5 percent solution to dissolve gelatin in
overexposed carbon prints. |
| 使用 | In matches; double-dyeing fabrics; photography; improving and increasing strength of silks weighted with tin salts; producing grayish-black coating on Zn; manufacture of transparent artificial resins, thiourea; in pesticides. Detection and determination of small quantities of Fe; determination of Ag, Hg, etc. |
| 調製方法 | Ammonium thiocyanate (plus ammonium sulfide) [CAS: 12135-76-1] may be made by reaction of ammonia and carbon disulfide, a reaction which probably accounts for the presence of ammonium thiocyanate in the products of the destructive distillation of coal. This reaction corresponds to the formation of ammonium cyanate from ammonia and carbon dioxide. |
| 製造方法 | (NH4)2S is obtained from reacting hydrogen sulfide with excess of ammonia:
H2S + 2NH3 → (NH4)2S. |
| 定義 | ammonium thiocyanate: A colourless, soluble crystalline compound,NH4NCS. It is made by theaction of hydrogen cyanide on ammoniumsulphide or from ammoniaand carbon disulphide in ethanol. Onheating, it turns into its isomerthiourea, SC(NH2)2. Its solutions givea characteristic blood-red colour withiron(III) compounds and so are employedas a test for ferric iron. Ammoniumthiocyanate is used as arapid fixative in photography and asan ingredient in making explosives. |
| 一般的な説明 | Ammonium thiocyanate is a colorless crystalline solid. Ammonium thiocyanate is soluble in water. The primary hazard is the threat posed to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. Ammonium thiocyanate is used in chemical analysis, in photography, as a fertilizer, and for many other uses. |
| 空気と水の反応 | Water soluble. |
| 反応プロフィール | Ammonium thiocyanate can release ammonia vapors if mixed with a chemical base or with an acid. Violent or explosive reactions have occurred when thiocyanates are mixed with oxidizing agents (such as chlorates(potassium chlorate), nitrates, nitric acid, and peroxides). Nitric acid violently oxidized a thiocyanate solution [Bretherick 1979 p. 121]. An explosion of guanidine nitrate demolished an autoclave built to withstand 50 atmospheres, in which Ammonium thiocyanate was being made from Ammonium thiocyanate and lead nitrate [C. Angew. Chem. 49:23 1936]. |
| 健康ハザード | Inhalation of dust causes irritation of nose and throat. Ingestion causes dizziness, cramps, nervous disturbances. Dust irritates eyes. Can be absorbed through skin; prolonged contact may produce various skin eruptions, dizziness, cramps, nausea, and mild to severe disturbance of the nervous system. |
| 火災危険 | Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Decomposes to form ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and hydrogen cyanide. Oxides of nitrogen may also form. All of these products are toxic. |
| 燃焼性と爆発性 | Non flammable |
| 使用用途 | 工業的には、主に繊維の染色や絹の強度改良など、繊維産業で多く利用されています。その他、薬品及び合成樹脂の原料、マッチ、写真用材料、殺虫剤、除草剤等に幅広く利用されています。
さらには、分析用試薬として銀、水銀 (Ag, Hg) 滴定における標準液として使用されます。チオシアン酸アンモニウムの水溶液はFe3+で血赤色に呈色するため、微量な鉄 (Fe) の比色分析にも用いられており、清涼飲料中の鉄含有量を決定するためにも使用できます。石炭を燃やした際に発生する気体から、硫黄を取り除く液体の主成分にもなっています。
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| 法規情報 | 毒物及び劇物取締法、消防法、化学物質排出把握管理促進法 (PRTR法) など、主要な法規制のいずれにも該当していません。ただし、水質汚濁防止法においては「有害物質」に指定されていますので、使用の際には注意が必要です。
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| 関連する反応 | チオシアン酸アンモニウムは空気中で安定ですが、加熱するとチオ尿素に異性化します。化学式は下記の通りです。
NH4SCN → NH2C( = S)NH2
200°Cまで加熱すると、乾燥粉末はアンモニア、硫化水素、二硫化炭素に分解し、チオシアン酸グアニジニウムの残留物が残ります。
チオシアン酸アンモニウムは弱酸性で、水酸化ナトリウムや水酸化カリウムなどのアルカリ水溶液と反応して、水やアンモニアとともにチオシアン酸アニオンを形成し、チオシアン酸アニオンは、鉄塩と反応して深赤色のチオシアン酸第二鉄錯体を形成します (6SCN-+Fe3+→[Fe(SCN)6]3-)。
また、銅や銀、亜鉛、鉛、水銀などの金属イオンと反応してチオシアン酸塩の沈殿物を形成し、有機溶媒で抽出できます。 |
| 保管方法 | 取扱いおよび保管上の注意
取扱い及び保管上の注意は、下記の通りです。
- 容器を密栓し、乾燥した冷暗所に保管する。
- 光により変質する恐れがあり、潮解性もあるため保管環境には注意する。
- 屋外や換気の良い区域のみで使用する。
- アルカリや強酸化剤との接触は避ける。
- 分解すると一酸化炭素、二酸化炭素、窒素酸化物、硫黄酸化物を生じる恐れがあるので注意する。
- 使用時は保護手袋、保護眼鏡、保護衣を着用する。
- 取扱い後はよく手を洗浄する。
- 皮膚に付着した場合は、石鹸と水で洗い流す。
- 眼に入った場合は、水で数分間注意深く洗う。
参考文献
|
| 安全性プロファイル | Poison by ingestion and
intraperitoneal routes. Human systemic
effects by ingestion: hallucinations and
distorted perceptions, nausea or vomiting,
and other gastrointestinal effects. See also
THIOCYANATES. When heated to
decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NH3,
NOx, SO,, and CN-. Incompatible with
KClO3 and mixtures with Pb(NO3)2. |
| 職業ばく露 | It has many uses in making matches,
fabric processing; metals processing; chemical manufacturing,
electroplating; zinc coating; liquid rocket propellents,
fabric dyeing, polymerization catalyst, in photography.
Used as a laboratory chemical. May be used as an agricultural
chemical: herbicides, weed killers, defoliants. |
| 応急処置 | If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove anycontact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least15 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seekmedical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts theskin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediatelywith soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. Ifthis chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure,begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR ifheart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medicalfacility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. Give large quantities of water and inducevomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit. |
| 貯蔵 | Color Code—White: Corrosive or Contact Hazard;Store separately in a corrosion-resistant location. Prior to nitrate, since violent reactions occur. Store in tightly closedcontainers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from moisture, acid, acid fumes, or chlorine because toxic fumes arereleased. Where possible, automatically pump liquid fromdrums or other storage containers to process containers.working with this chemical you should be trained on itsproper handling and storage. Ammonium thiocyanate mustbe stored to avoid contact with Potassium chlorate and Lead |
| 輸送方法 | UN2672 Ammonia solutions, relative density
between 0.880 and 0.957 at 15 C in water, with . 10 %
but not . 35 % ammonia, Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-
Corrosive material. UN3082 Environmentally hazardous
substances, liquid, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9-
Miscellaneous hazardous material, Technical Name
Required. UN3077 Environmentally hazardous substances,
solid, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9-Miscellaneous
hazardous material, Technical Name Required. |
| 純化方法 | Crystallise it three times from dilute HClO4 to give material optically transparent at wavelengths longer than 270nm. It has also been crystallised from absolute MeOH or from acetonitrile. |
| 不和合性 | Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates,
nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine,
bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions.
Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases,
strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Acts as an acid; incompatible
with lead nitrate, chlorates, nitric acid, acid, acid
fumes. In the presence of moisture, this chemical is corrosive
to brass, copper, iron. Ammonium thiocyanate liquor
can release ammonia vapors if mixed with a chemical base
or with an acid. Violent or explosive reactions have
occurred when thiocyanates are mixed with oxidizing
agents . Nitric acid violently oxidized a
thiocyanate solution . An explosion
of guanidine nitrate demolished an autoclave built to withstand
50 atmospheres, in which it was being made from
ammonium thiocyanate and lead nitrate . |
| 廃棄物の処理 | Consult with environmental
regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal
practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant
(≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing
storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal.
Slowly add to large container of water. Stir in slight excess
of soda ash. Decant or siphon liquid from sludge, neutralize
with HCl and flush to sewer. Sludge may be landfilled. |