Solamargine

Name

Solamargine

Synonym

More Synonyms

Description

Solamargine is a major steroidal alkaloid glycoside extracted from a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, Solanum nigrum L. (SNL); has been shown to inhibit growth and induce apoptosis of various cancer cells. IC50 value:Target: Anticancer natural compoundin vitro: Solamargine reduced HepG2 cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. At 7.5μM solamargine decreased cell viability by less than 20% in HepG2 cells. At the highest dose, solamargine decreased cell migration and invasion by more than 70% and 72% in HepG2 cells, respectively. Western blotting and gelatin zymography results showed that solamargine reduced expression and function of MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins [1]. SM increased phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) in a time-dependent fashion. SM also inhibited phosphorylation and protein expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3), a transcription factor, which was abrogated by the SB203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK. In addition, SM induced protein expression of p21, one of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, and this was not observed in cell overexpression of Stat3 or cells treated with SB203580 [2]. SM significantly inhibited the growth of SMMC-7721 and HepG2 cells and induced cell apoptosis. Cell cycle analysis revealed that SM caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Moreover, SM could up-regulate the expression of caspase-3 [3].

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References

[1]. Sani IK, et al. Solamargine inhibits migration and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells through down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 expression and activity. Toxicol In Vitro. 2015 Mar 27;29(5):893-900.

[2]. Zhou Y, et al. Targeting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 contributes to the solamargine-inhibited growth and -induced apoptosis of human lung cancer cells. Tumour Biol. 2014 Aug;35(8):8169-78.

[3]. Ding X, et al. Induction of apoptosis in human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells by solamargine from Solanum nigrum L. J Ethnopharmacol. 2012 Jan 31;139(2):599-604.

Density

1.4±0.1 g/cm3

Molecular Formula

C45H73NO15

Molecular Weight

868.059

Exact Mass

867.498047

PSA

238.48000

LogP

7.18

Index of Refraction

1.619